264 Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
Complete cardiac diagnosis
- The underlying etiology.
- The anatomic abnormalities.
- The physiologic disturbances.
- Functional disability.
New York Heart Association Functional Classification:
Slight limitation of physical activity
Ordinary activity causes symptoms
NYHA Class II
New York Heart Association Functional Classification:
Inability to carry out any physical activity without discomfort
Symptoms at rest
NYHA Class IV
New York Heart Association Functional Classification:
No limitation of physical activity
No symptoms with ordinary exertion
NYHA Class I
New York Heart Association Functional Classification:
Marked limitation of physical activity
Less than ordinary activity causes symptoms
Asymptomatic at rest
NYHA Class III
Laboratory tests that can supplement a complete cardiac diagnosis
(1) ECG
(2) noninvasive imaging examinations (chest roentgenogram, echocardiogram, radionuclide imaging, computed tomographic imag- ing, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging)
(3) blood tests to assess risk (e.g., lipid determinations, C-reactive protein or cardiac function (e.g., brain natriuretic peptide [BNP]
(4) occasionally specialized invasive examinations (i.e., cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography
5) genetic tests to identify monogenic cardiac diseases