2.6 pro and euk Flashcards
which appeared first euk or pro ?
prokaryotic - belief t be among earliest forms of life 3.5 billion years ago.
What are extremophiles ?
a microorganisms that is adapted to live in extremes of salinity, pH and temperature
where can extremophiles be found today?
hydrothermal vents and salt lakes - similar environments believed to to have made up early Earth. Usually of domain archaea. More recently found in environments such as soil and human digestive system.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles
How is the DNA in prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic DNA?
Prokaryotes usually have 1 molecule of DNA , a chromosome (supercoiled to make it more compact).
Genes are often grouped into operons , meaning a number of genes are switched on or off at the same time.
How do ribosomes differ in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are smaller(70S) than those in eukaryotic cells(80S). Larger ribosomes are involved in formation of more complex proteins .
what is relative size of ribosomes determined by?
by rate at which they settle or form a sediment in solution
how does the call wall differ in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
pros have cell wall made up of peptidoglycan. Complex polymer formed of amino acids and sugars.
euk : plant :cellulose fungi: chitin animal: none
how does the flagella differ in euk and pro cells?
flagella of prokaryotes is thinner than euk.
does not have a 9 + 2 arrangement
energy for rotation is supplied from process of chemiosmosis – ATP in euk
what is a eukaryotic cell?
cells with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles
examples of prokaryotes
archaea bacteria and cyanobacteria
examples of eukaryotes
animals plants and fungi yeast amoeba
Similarities between euk and pork
plasma membrane: cytoplasm and cysts
DNA/RNA - pro (circular) euk (linear)
Ribosomes (70S PRO,not membrane bound )(80S EUK)
Cell wall PRO: peptidoglycan EUK: animal:cellulose fungi:chitin animal :non
Plastids EUk: plants
flagella
Differences between Pro and EUk :
PRO: unicellular; small,less complex
EUK:multicellular ; larger,more complex
No nucleus Has nucleus (nuclear envelope,nucleolus)
No membrane bound organelles
Membrane enclosed organelles
PRO has CAPSULE
PRO has mesosomes (some bacteria)
PRO has pili
EUk has lysosomes _centrioles
EUk has cytoskeleton -microtubules
EUK has vacuoles (larger and fewer in pants, smaller and several in animals)
Cilia (animals)
PRO cell division binary fission
EUK cell division by meiosis or mitosis
are gold body and endoplasmic reticulum found in euk or pro?
euk cells
