Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARMACOLOGY - 2 > 26 – Ecto-parasiticides > Flashcards

26 – Ecto-parasiticides Flashcards

1
Q

Many ectoparastiticide formulations

A
  • ear tags
  • collars
  • immersion baths
  • topical dusts
  • shampoos
  • premise application (fleas!)
  • pour-on
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A
  • Organophosphates
  • Carbamates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: organophosphates

A
  • mechanism: IRREVERSIBLE binding to AChE
  • HIGHLY toxic to mammals
  • Environmental concerns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different compounds and formulations of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: organophosphates?

A
  • Diazinon ear tags (control horn flies and face flies in cattle)
  • Many other compounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: carbamates

A
  • Mechanism: competitive inhibitor of AChE (reversible)
  • Less toxic than organophosphates, still toxic though
    o Given small amount for a large animal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the different compounds and formulations of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: carbamates?

A
  • Carbaryl dusting powder for control of mites, fleas, lice, ticks, and flies in various food animal species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(Amitraz)

A
  • Inhibits monamine oxidase
  • Toxicity: activation of alpha2 receptors
  • Prevention of ticks
  • NOT in Canada
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pyrethrins (basic from chrysanthemum flower)/Pyrethroids (synthetically modified compounds)

A
  • ‘natural’
  • Highly LIPIDLY soluble
  • Topical formulations stay in stratum corneum
    o NO systemic absorption
    o Considered pesticides
  • *TOXIC IN CATS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of drugs that are pyrethins/pyrethroids

A
  • Permethrin (ex. vetolice)
  • Cypermethrin
  • Cyfluthrin (CyLence)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mechanism of pyrethrins/pyrethroids?

A
  • Most act on Na+ channels (stuck in OPEN state) or other NT functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the formulations of pyrethrins/pyrethroids?

A
  • Shampoos
  • Sprays
  • Dips
  • Dusts
  • Ear-tags
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are pyrethrins/pyrethroids active against?

A
  • Fleas
  • Ticks
  • Flies: probably the best fly control
  • Lice
  • (Mites: not as good)
  • *ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pyrethins/pyrethroids is toxic in cats

A
  • Due to grooming of topical products?
  • Poor hepatic glucuronidation?
  • *especially in environmental decontamination
    o ALSO TOXIC FOR FISH!
  • *persist in environment for a long time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neonicotinoids

A
  • Like nicotine, but more stable
  • Non-ionized at physiological pH (so crosses BBB)
  • Minimal environmental impact (but it is what is killing bees, due to using it on plants to kill bugs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism of neonicotinoids?

A
  • Activates INSECT nicotinic receptors
  • No effect on vertebrate nicotinic or muscarinic receptors
  • First depolarizes neuron (Na channels open), but eventually STOPS neural transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of neonicotinoids

A
  • Imidacloprid
  • (Nitenpyram (Capstar))
17
Q

Imidacloprid

A
  • TOPICAL formulations for dogs and cats (monthly)
  • Minimal transdermal absorption, but surface ‘translocation’ over skin
  • Kills ADULT and LARVAL fleas and lice
    o Limited activity against ticks (not on host often)
  • Generally very safe for mammals
  • Ex. advantage/KD Advantix
18
Q

Imidacloprid and lice

A
  • Will get both adults and eggs
19
Q

Imidacloprid and fleas

A
  • can still have environmental reservoir
20
Q

(Imidacloprid and Moxidectin)

A
  • Also get heart worms
  • *won’t get TAPEWORMS!
21
Q

Nitenpyram (Capstar)

A
  • ORAL tablet (DIN) FLEA adulticide in dogs and cats
  • Administered DAILY if fleas observed on animals
  • 100% oral bioavailability
  • Effective against fipronil-resistance fleas
  • Generally very safe
22
Q

Insect growth regulators

A
  • Analogues of HORMONES which regulates insect LARVAL DEVELOPMENT
  • No effect on ADULT insect
  • Exposure results in ‘arrested development’ of larval stage
  • Generally little toxicity in mammals
  • *takes weeks to see effect since no effect on adults
    o Often used with other adult insect pesticides
  • Ex. LuFEnuron (old: Methoprene, pyriproxyfen)
23
Q

LuFEnuron

A
  • Block development of insect exoskeleton by inhibiting chitin synthesis or utilisation (if no chitin=can’t get out of egg=die)
  • *used to control FLEAS at egg and larval stages
  • Program for cats
    o Monthly oral suspension
    o SC injection (6 month duration)
  • Sentinel tablets for dogs (w/milbemycin)
  • Use in aquaculture for prevention of sea lice
24
Q

*Isoxazoline (“Langer”) ectoparasites

A
  • ANTAGONISTS of GABA and glutamate gated Cl-channels
    o Lack of hyperpolarization=excess neural activity
    o Opposite effects of macrocylic lactones
  • *effective for control of fleas and ticks
  • *all classified as drugs (DIN)
  • *DON’T WORRY ABOUT SPECIFIC NAMES (Ex. Bracvecto: fluralaner)
  • *know they end in ‘laner’
    o Most oral products and mixed with something else (ex. Avermectin)
    o Also have topical solutions
  • *CAN CAUSE SEIZURES
25
Q

Ticks and fleas

A
  • Takes time as there is an environmental component
  • Ex. HOT WASHING THE BEDDING
26
Q

When using topical isooxazoline what do you need to be careful for?

A
  • WATCH FOR TRANSFER TO OWNER
    o No cuddling or sharing a bed with animal
    o At least 48 hours
    o Wear gloves!
27
Q

Can Praziquantel be topically absorbed?

A
  • Apparently

PHARMACOLOGY - 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions