Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-level Chemistry > 26 - Compounds containing the carbonyl group > Flashcards

26 - Compounds containing the carbonyl group Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are secondary alcohols oxidised to?

A

Ketones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give an example of a reducing agent.

A

Lithium Alumimium (III) Hydride/LiAlH4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are primary alcohols oxidised to carboxylic acids?

Reactant, method

A

Acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is a hydroxynitrile formed?

Mechanism, reactant, condition

A

Nucleophilic addition
:CN-
dilute acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of mechanism is the reduction of an aldehyde to a primary alcohol?

A

Nucleophilic addition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe a positive Fehling’s test for an aldehyde.

A

Blue solution forms a brick red precipitate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe and explain the solubility of carboxylic acids in water.

A

Acids with fewer than about five carbons dissolve in water (H bonds); those with a higher molecular weight are insoluble owing to the larger hydrocarbon portion, which is hydrophobic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is an ester named?

A

Alkyl group followed by carboxylic acid salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give 4 uses of esters.

A

Solvents, plasticisers, perfumes, food flavourings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What conditions are esters hydrolysed under?

A

Acidic or alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define biodiesel.

A

Biodiesel is a mixture of methyl esters of long-chain carboxylic acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is biodiesel produced?

A

Biodiesel is produced by reacting vegetable oils with methanol in the presence of a catalyst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are vegetable oils and animal fats esters of?

A

Propane-1,2,3-triol. aka glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are sodium salts used as?

A

Soaps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an acyl group?

A

R(C=O)Z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an acyl chloride?

A

R(C=O)Cl

17
Q

What is an acid anhydride?

A

R(C=O)O(C=O)R’ looks kind of like a di ketone joined by an O

18
Q

Are acyl chlorides or acid anhdyrides more reactive?

A

Acyl chlorides

19
Q

What can acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides react with in order of reactivity?

A
  1. Primary amines
  2. Ammonia
  3. Alcohol
  4. Water
20
Q

Why is ethanoic anyhydride used over ethanoyl chloride in the production of aspirin?

A
  • Cheaper
  • Less corrosive
  • Safer (produces ethanoic acid not hydrogen chloride)
  • Reacts less readily with water
21
Q

Why is KCN hazardous?

A

Toxic

22
Q

Describe how a crystalline solid is separated and purified.

A

Filter
Dissolve in minimum volume
Of hot solvent
Cool
Filter using Buchner funnel
Wash with cold solvent and dry

23
Q

Why is KCN used rather than HCN?

A

HCN is a weak reducing agent.

24
Q

Why does an aldehyde undergo nucleophilic addition but an alkene does not? (3)

A

Nucleophile attracted to C partial positive
Electron rich C=C
Repels nucleophile

A-level Chemistry (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions