2.6 Cell Specialisation Flashcards

1
Q

what is differentiation?

A

when a cell becomes specialised to carry out a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 types of variation?

A

changes in no. of organelles
change in shape of cell
change in contents of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

give an example of a cell with changes to the number of organelles:

A

muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

give an example of a cell with change to its shape:

A

root hair cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

give an example of a cell with change to its contents:

A

RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a tissue?

A

group of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a organ?

A

group of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a organ system?

A

group of organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 4 types of tissue?

A

muscle
epithelial
connective
nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name some types of epithelial tissue:

A

squamous

ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name some types of connective tissue:

A

blood

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name some types of muscle tissue:

A

smooth
cardiac
striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

are arteries and veins organs or tissues?

A

organs as they are made of many tissue types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

are capillaries organs or tissues?

A

tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is the shape of erythrocytes adapted to their function?

A

flattened bio-concave shape increases surface area to volume ratio essential to their role of transporting O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how are erythrocytes adapted to their function in their contents?

A

no nuclei and few organelles

increases space for haemoglobin

18
Q

how are erythrocytes adapted to their function in being flexible?

A

flexible to squeeze through narrow capillaries

19
Q

what are neutrophils?

A

white blood cells

20
Q

how is a neutrophils nucleus adapted to it’s function?

A

multi lobed

easy for them to change shape and squeeze through small gaps to get to the site of infection

21
Q

how is a neutrophils granular cytoplasm adapted to it’s function?

A

contains many lysosomes with enzymes to attack pathogens

22
Q

how is a sperm cell adapted to swim?

A

flagellum

many mitochondria for energy

23
Q

how is a sperm cell’s nucleus adapted to it’s function?

A

large nucleus to store genetic information

24
Q

what adaptions does a palisade cell have?

A

chloroplasts
thin cell walls
rectangular in shape
large vacuoles

25
what adaptations does a sperm cell have?
flagellum large nuclei many mitochondria
26
what adaptations does a erythrocyte have?
flexible no nuclei and organelles flattened bio concave shape
27
what adaptations does a neutrophil have?
multilobed nucleus | granular cytoplasm
28
how is a palisade cell having chloroplasts useful for its function?
absorb large amounts of light for photosynthesis
29
how is a palisade cell having thin cell walls useful for its function?
increases rate of CO2 diffusion
30
how is a palisade cell having rectangular box shapes useful for its function?
to pack closely together
31
how is a palisade cell having large vacuoles useful for its function?
lots of water to maintain turgor pressure
32
what adaptations does a root hair cell have?
long extensions - root hairs | thin walls
33
how is a root hair cell having long extensions useful for its function?
increases surface area
34
how is a root hair cell having thin cell wall useful for its function?
absorbs water and ions from soil
35
what adaptations does a guard cell have?
thick cell wall on one side
36
what do pairs of guard cells form? and what is their role?
openings called stomata | to allow CO2 to diffuse in and O2 to diffuse out
37
when water is lost what happens to the guard cells?
they become less swollen which closes the stomata preventing water loss
38
how is a guard cell having a thicker cell wall on one side useful for its function?
so the cell doesn't change shape as the volume does
39
what adaptations does ciliated epithelium have?
cilia | goblet cells
40
how is ciliated epithelium having cilia useful to it's function?
stops bacteria entering trachea by wafting mucous
41
what do goblet cells of the ciliated epithelium do?
secrete mucous to trap bacteria preventing damage to the lungs