26 Agents Flashcards
DNA + RNA polymerase inhibitor
Oxphos inhibitor
Trypanosomiasis
Pentamidine
Aresnical that inhibits parasitic sulfyhydrl enzymes
Trypanosomiasis
Melarsoprol
IV
Inhibits polyamine biosynthesis, inhibits ornithine decarboxylase
Trypanosomiasis
Elfornithine
For T. Cruzii (Chagas)
Produces intracellular free radicals – kills the parasite
Trypanosomiasis
Nifurtimox
For Chagas Disease
Trypanosomiasis
Benzindazole
Inhibits glycolysis and TCA cycle.
Adverse Effects: Cardiac and pancreas problems
Leishmaniasis and PAM
Sodium Stibogluconate
Oral
MOA = binds to DNA and inhibits cytochrome C oxidase
Clincal Uses: Naegleria Fowleri (primary amoebic meningoencephalitis)
Leishmaniasis and PAM
Miltefosine
Binds to proteins and DNA
AE = disulfiram like reaction
Giardia Lamblia
METRONIDAZOLE
Amoebicidal, bactericidial, trichomonacidal
MOA = disrupts the tertiary structure of DNA and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Giardia Lamblia
TINIDAZOLE
Treatment for Trichomonas Vaginalis
Partner is ALSO treated even if not symptomatic
Metronidazole and Tinidazole
Asymptomatic carriers
AE = myelo-optic neuropathy
Entamoeba Histolytica
Iodoquinol (Luminal)
1st line for Amebiasis and Giardiasis in pregnancy
Entamoeba Histolytica
Paromomycin (Luminal)
IM: blockchain elongation proteins
CI = pregnancy
AE = cardiotoxicity
Used only when Patient does not respond and cant use metronidazole
Entamoeba Histolytica
Emetine and Dehydroemetine (systemic)
Long Term Use
**MOA = inhibits folate synthesis **
Leucovorin – admin to protect against folate deficency
Toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine and Sulfonamide
Lipophilic, oral, excreted in stool
MOA: Inhibits mitochondrial ETC
Clincal Use: Toxoplasmosis + PJP in AIDS patients
Toxoplasmosis
Atovaquone
MOA: Inhibits plasmodium heme polymerase, inserts into parasite DNA
Clinical Use = acute attacks/amebic systentery, RA, lupus
AE: retinal damage, ototoxicity, and visual disturbances
MALARIA DRUG
Chloroquine
MOA: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Clincal Use = chloroquine resistant P. falciparum
MALARIA DRUG
Pyrimethamine
MOA = damage to membrane
Clincal Use = resistant to P. falciparum
MALARIA DRUG
Mefloquine
MOA: inhibit DNA replication, eradicates latent tissue and hepatic forms
Clincal - relapses of P vivax and Ovale
AE: Anemia in G6PDH deficency
Malaria Drug
Primaquine
MOA = disrupts DNA synthesis
Clinical – resistant strains, asexual erythocyte forms, NOT active against exoerythrocytic forms
Malaria Drugs
Quinine
MOA = inhibits DHF reductase
Clincal = prophylaxis – only in combo with atovaquone
Malaria Drug
Proguanil
MOA = synergistic effect when used together
ETC and folate reductase inhibitors
Malaria Drugs
Atovaquone/proguanil
MOA =** inhibit DNA replication and translation**
Synergistic effect prevent resistance
Clincal Use: HERB used in combo treatment of malaria resistant P. Falciparum
Artemether/lumefantrine
MOA = inhibits microtubule synthesis – expelled in feces
Clincal Use: Roundworm, pinworm, hookworm, whipworm
Nematodes
Mebendazole and Albendazole
MOA = depolarizing neruomuscular blocking agent, causes paralysis and release from intestinal wall
only effect in intestine
Nematodes
Pyrantel Pamoate
Oral
MOA = binds to chloride channels = hyperpolarization, paralysis
Used for Onchocerciasis
Nematodes
Ivermectin
effective against microfilariae NOT adult worms
MOA: Affects microfilariae membrane and musculature by hyperpolarization
Wichereria Bancrofti
Diethylcarbamazine
MOA = inhibits ox phos and stimualtes ATPase
Admin w/ laxative to purge bowl
Cestodes
Nicolsamide
Treats all species of trematodes and cestodes
MOA = increase Ca permeability of membrane = paralysis
Praziquantel
