2.6 Flashcards
Mircoevolution
evolution below the species level
Macroevolution
genetic changes lead to new species
Phylogeny
Branching pattern of evolutionary relationships
Genotype
complete set of genes in an individual
Phenotype
set of traits express by an individual (eye color, behavior, physiology)
Adaptation
a new trait that increases an organism’s fitness (ability to survive and reproduce)
Fitness
Ability to survive and reproduce
Mutation
random change in the genetic code
Artificial Selection
Humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind
Natural Selection
The environment determines which individuals survive & reproduce
Random Processes
Geneti\ composition changes over time but changes are not related to differences in fitness
5 parts of the Theory of evolution
Darwin
Individuals produce excess offspring (not replacement level)
Not all can survive
Individuals differ in their traits
Differences can be passed onto offspring
Differences are associated with the ability to survive and reproduce
5 ramdom processes
Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic Drift
Founder effect
Bottleneck event
Mutation
of mutations in a population accumulates over time leading to greater genetic variation
Gene flow
ndividuals move from one population to another & alter genetic composition of both populations
