Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Senior - Ophthalmology > $25 words > Flashcards

$25 words Flashcards

1
Q

Palpebrae

A

Eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Closes eyelid

CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Ovens upper eyelid

CN III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mueller’s muscle

A 
Opening eyelids (upper/lower)
sympathetic ANS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Layers of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Nervous tunic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cornea

A

Front of eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sclera

A

Whites of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Limbus

A

Where cornea and sclera meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Iris

A

Colored part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pupil

Also innervation

A

Opening of iris
ANS innervation
- Sphincter - parasympathetic
- Dilator - sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bulbar vs palpebral conjunctiva

A

Bulbar - covers sclera

Palpebral - covers eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ciliary body

A

Produces aqueous humor

Cillary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Choroid

A

Vascular pigmented layer

Between sclera and retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fundus

A

Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Macula

A

Posterior pole of retina

- the HD vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Optic disc

A

Where nerve fibers converge and leave eye

- physiologic blind spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tear layers

A

Oil - meibomian glands
Water - lacrimal
Mucin - goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DVA

A

Distance visual acuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

NVA

A

Near visual acuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cc/sc

A

cc - With correction

sc - Without correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mydriatics

A

Meds for dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adrenergic stimulating

A

Stimulate pupillary dilator muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Colinergic blocking

A

Paralyze iris sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Emmetropia

A

Normal eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsighted

- eye is too short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsighted

- eye is too long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Astigmatism.

A

Football eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Presbyopia

A

Old eyes - loss of accomidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Prescription

- sphere

A

Minus for myopia

Plus for hyperopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Prescription

Cylinder

A

Astigmatism correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Prescription

Axis

A

How the astigmatism is oriented for the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Prescription

Add

A

Bifocal power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Prescription

Prism

A

Amount and direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Orthophoria

A

No deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Heterophoria

A

Cockeyed only when one eye is covered

- alternating cover test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Heterotropia

A

Cockeyed all the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Strabismus

A

Misalignment of the two eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Concomitant (nonparalytic) strabismus

A

Misalignment in all directions of gaze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Incomitant strabismus

A

Misalignment varies w direction of gaze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Amblyopia

A

Lazy eye

- no anatomic damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Plica semilunaris?

A

By the medial canthus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Carnucle

A

By the medial canthus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Cilia?

A

Eyelashes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Palpebral fissure

A

Opening of eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Ectropion vs entropion

A 
Ectropion = out
Entropion = in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Cicatrical

A

Scarring (cause of ectropion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Lagopthalmos

A

Inability to completely close eye(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Tarsorrhaphy

A

Suturing the eyelids together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of the upper eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Ptosis
Miosis (small pupil)
Facial anhydrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Blepharitis

A

Scaling of the lid margins proximal to the lashes

Eyelid dandruff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Dacrocystitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac (nose side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Dacroadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Trichiasis

A

Eyelashes into eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Fornix

A

Spot that the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Subepithelial infiltrates

A

Immune response to viral antigens
- cause decrease in vision/photosensitivity

Viral conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Chemosis

A

Swelling of the conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Conjunctival papillae

A

Elevations of conjunctiva with prominent central blood vessel
- bacterial conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Olopatadine

A

Pataday

- allergy meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Ketotifen

A

Zaditor

- OTC allergy meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Loteprednol

A

Topical steroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Pinguecula

A

Fleshy growth on conjunctiva that doesnt grow into the cornea
- that would make it a pterygium

63
Q

Phlyctenule

A

Nodular growth at the limbus

- cause by hypersensitivity to bacterial proteins

64
Q

Keratitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea

65
Q

Hypopyon

A

WBC in the anterior chamber

66
Q

Amiodarone causes?

A

Whorl keratopathy

67
Q

Keratoconus

A

Disease causes progressive thinning of the central cornea and is degenerative in nature

68
Q

Munson sign

A

Bulging on the lower lids from thinning central cornea causing bulging of inferior cornea

Seen with keratoconus

69
Q

Arcus senilis

A

Cholesterol eyes

  • no effect on vision
  • clear area between deposit and limbus
70
Q

Sclera

A

Outside of eye, provides resistance to internal and external forces

Has attaching points for EOMs

71
Q

Layers of sclera?

A

Episclera - outside

Scleral stroma - inside

72
Q

Staphyloma

A

Symptoms of scleritis - the resulting blue sclera it causes

73
Q

Uveal tract

A

Iris + ciliary body + choroid = uveal tract

74
Q

Iridocyclis

A

Inflammation of the iris and iris-ciliary body

Aka iritis
Aka anterior uveitis

75
Q

Keratic precipitates

A

Fine and whitish - nongranulomatous

Mutton fat - granulomatous

76
Q

Ciliary injection or “flush”

A

Conjunctival injection surrounding cornea

77
Q

Koeppe nodules and buscca nodules

A

Nodules of inflammatory cells on iris

78
Q

Cottage cheese and katsup

A

Cytomegalovirus

- posterior uveitis

79
Q

Zonules

A

Hold the lens in place and allow for accomidation

80
Q

Capsule

A

Thin semipermeable membrane enveloping the lens

81
Q

Fibers

A

Aka lens cells

82
Q

Nuclear cataract

A

Blurs distant vision more than near

83
Q

Posterior subcapsular cataract

A

Glar and difficulty reading

84
Q

Cortical cataracts

A

Asymptomatic until they reach center

85
Q

Polar Congenital cataract

A

opacity on the anterior of posterior pole of the lense

86
Q

Zonular Congenital cataract

A

White opacities surrounding the nucleus

Looks like onion skin

87
Q

Nuclear Congenital cataract

A

Opacity in the fetal nucleus

88
Q

Leticonus Congenital cataract

A

A protrusion in the lens capsule

Typically opacified

89
Q

Subluxation of the lense

A

Partial disruption of zonular fibers

- decentered but partially there

90
Q

Dislocation of lense

A

Complete disruption of the zonular fibers

- lens is out of pupil

91
Q

Iridonesis

A

Quivering of the iris

- lens dislocation

92
Q

Phacodonesis

A

Quivering of the lens

- lens dislocation

93
Q

Floaters

A

Small aggregates in the vitreus cavity

94
Q

Scintillations

A

Lights and flashes associated with migraines

95
Q

Macula

A

85.5mm in diameter centered on the fovea

Center of the bullseye

96
Q

Central retinal artery

A

Supplies the inner retina

97
Q

The choroid

A

Supplies the outer retina and photoreceptors

98
Q

Blood and thunder funds

A

Retinal vein occlusion

99
Q

Armd

A

Age related macular degeneration

- MCC of legal blindness over age of 60

100
Q

Drusen

A

MC abnormality with ARMD
- Drusen are yellow deposits under the retina. Drusen are made up of lipids, a fatty protein. Drusen likely do not cause age-related macular degeneration (AMD). But having drusen increases a person’s risk of developing AMD.

101
Q

Bone-spicule pigmentary retinopathy

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

102
Q

Golden ring sign

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

- yellow-white halo surrounding optic disc

103
Q

Glaucoma definition

A

A group of diseases w progressive optic nerve damage and visual field loss

  • open angle
  • angle closure
104
Q

Open angle gluacoma cup to disk ratio?

A

0.6 or greater

105
Q

Trabeculoplasty

A

Laser cuts a hole in iris

106
Q

Trabeculotomy

A

Drainage implant (shunt) surgery

107
Q

Goinosynechialysis

A

Procedure to physically strip PAS

- peripheral anterior synechia

108
Q

Irodotomy

A

An iridectomy, also known as a surgical iridectomy or corectomy, is the surgical removal of part of the iris. These procedures are most frequently performed in the treatment of closed-angle glaucoma and iris melanoma.

109
Q

Haab striae

A

Linear tears in the corneal (descemet’s) membrane

  • Horizontal stria indicative of congenital glaucoma
110
Q

Krukenberg spindle

A

Vertical band of pigment on corneal endothelium

- pigmentary glaucoma

111
Q

Hemianopia field loss

A

Loss of an entire 1/2 of the visual field

112
Q

Homonymous field loss

A

Visual field loss is on the same side in both eyes

113
Q

Ipsilateral field loss

A

Visual field loss is on the same side the lesion is on

114
Q

Contralateral field loss

A

Visual field loss is on the opposite side that the lesion is on

115
Q

Scotoma

A

An area of reduced or absent vision w/in an otherwise intact visual field

116
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal size pupils (>1mm)

117
Q

Lateral geniculate body

A

Neural way station

- axons leave as optic radiations

118
Q

Visual cortex

A

Radiations converge in the occipital lobe of the brain

- visual intrepretation begins here

119
Q

Afferent pupillary pathway

A

CN 2

- light/accommodation impulse travels up optic nerve CN II

120
Q

Efferent pupillary pathway

A

CN III

  • Signal sent from EW nuclei down oculomotor nerve CN III
  • pupils constrict
121
Q

Argyll robertson pupil

A
  • Pupil is small
  • responds slowly (or not) to light
  • responds normally to near (accommodation)
  • bilateral and asymmetric
122
Q

Adie’s tonic pupil

A
  • irregularly dilated pupil
  • reacts poorly to light
  • better to accommodation (sluggish and tonic)
123
Q

Marcus gunn pupil

A

APD

  • nerve pathway dysfunction
  • doesnt transmit message (pupil dilates to light)
124
Q

Papilledema

A

Papilledema is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure due to any cause

125
Q

CN III palsy

A

Ptosis (droopy eyelids)
Eye is turned down and out
- diplopia

126
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

127
Q

CN IV palsy

A

Rotates (intorsion) and depresses the eye and moves eye away from nose

Vertical/oblique diplopia
Head tilt

128
Q

CN VI palsy

A

Cant turn eye out

Horizontal diplopia

129
Q

Oscillopsia

A

Constant moving brain image

130
Q

IRMA

A

Intraretinal microvascular abnormality (IRMA)

- seen with NPDR sometimes

131
Q

VEGF

A

Angiogenic factor release

- causes proliferation (PDR)

132
Q

Copper wire vessel

A

Arteriolar narrowing

- yellowing of the linear light reflex

133
Q

Silver wire

A

Sclerosis of the vessel

134
Q

AION

A

Giant cell arteritis

135
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

- In the eyeball

136
Q

Hollenhorst plaque

A

Plaque that is in an arterial artery causing amaurosis fugax

137
Q

Scleromalacia

A

Scleral thinning

- slow and painless

138
Q

MC eyelid malignancy

A

Basal cell carcinoma

139
Q

MC conjunctival malignancy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

140
Q

Astrocytoma

A

Non-malignant tumor in the CNS composed of astrocytes

141
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

Rare tumor in eye seen under 5 yrs

142
Q

Kayser-fleischer rign

A

Brown/red deposit

- wilson’s disease

143
Q

Sunflower cataract

A

Subcapsular copper deposit

- wilson’s disease

144
Q

Amiodarone

A

Whorls on eye

145
Q

Chloroquine

A

Macular pigment stippling (bulls eye)

146
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Pseudotumor cerebri
ICP
Herpes

147
Q

Digoxin

A

Yellow-orange vision

148
Q

Ethambutol

A

optic disc atrophy

Visual field loss

149
Q

Isoniazid

A

Visual field loss
Color vision loss
Optic disc atrophy

150
Q

Siderosis

A

Iron deposits in the tissue

- long standing foreign body

151
Q

Hyphema

A

Blood collection in the anterior chamber

152
Q

Anisometropia

A

Big difference in refractive error between the eyes

153
Q

Epiphoria

A

Excessive tearing

Senior - Ophthalmology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions