25 vocabulary words Flashcards
Phonology
A study of abstract categories that organize the sound system of language.
Phone
A physical realisation of a speech sound like the voiceless or the voiced alveolar approximant.
Spectrogram
a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give the hearing impression of speech sounds.
Phoneme
any perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another.
Narrow Transcription
captures as many aspects of a specific pronunciation as possible and ignores as few details as possible.
Distribution
refers to the different positions in which a speech sound can occur or cannot occur in the words of a language.
Complementary Distribution
Two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur.
Minimal Pairs
two words that vary by only a single sound, usually meaning sounds that may confuse English learners. Ex wrap and lap
Free Variation
is the phenomenon of two (or more) sounds or forms appearing in the same environment without a change in meaning and without being considered incorrect by native speakers.
Neutralisation
refers to the fact that in a particular context, a contrast between phonemes becomes invisible.
Final Devolving
a voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position is known in the literature.
Velarised
Velarised- is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.
Aspiration
the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.
T/D Flapping
Flapping of /t/ and /d/ is a prominent feature of North American English. Some linguists consider it obligatory for most American dialects to flap /t/ between a stressed and an unstressed vowel.
Rhotic
adjective of or relating to a dialect of English in which the r is pronounced at the end of a syllable or before a consonant.
Constituents
a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure.
Syllabic Consonants
is a consonant that forms a syllable on its own, like the m, n and l in the English words rhythm, button and bottle.
Vowel epenthesis
technical term for the insertion of vowels into syllables.
Allophones
any of the various phonetic realizations of a phoneme in a language, which do not contribute to distinctions of meaning.
Coda
postvocalic slot
Syllabification
Syllabification- Assigning syllable structure to words.
Maximal onset Principle
principle determining underlying syllable division.
Sonority
the relative loudness of a speech sound.
Sonority Sequencing Principle
a phonotactic principle that aims to outline the structure of a syllable in terms of sonority.
Nucleus
the nucleus (sometimes called peak) is the central part of the syllable, most commonly a vowel. “Slot for a vowel”.