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Physical Chemistry and Inorganic > 2.5 Transition Metals > Flashcards

2.5 Transition Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a Transition Metal?

A

Contain an incomplete d subshell

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2
Q

What is the definition of a ligand?

A

Particle with a lone pair which forms a coordinate bond

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3
Q

What is the definition of a complex?

A

Metal ions with ligands coordinately bonded

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4
Q

What are the four key properties of transition metals?

A

-Colourful
- Complex ions
- Variable oxidative states
- Catalytic activity

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5
Q

What complex forms a linear shape?

A

Ag+

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6
Q

What causes complex to form tetrahedral shapes?

A

Large ligands e.g. Cl

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7
Q

What complex forms square planar shapes?

A

Pt 2+

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8
Q

What complexes form octahedral shapes?

A

Most complexes

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9
Q

What is a unidentate ligand?

A

A ligand which only forms one coordinate bond

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10
Q

What is a bidentate ligand?

A

Forms two coordinate bonds

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11
Q

What is a multidentate ligand?

A

Ligand which forms more than two coordinate bonds

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12
Q

What stereoisomerism features do transition metal complexes display?

A
  • Geometric isomerism (Cis-trans isomerism)
  • Optical isomerism
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13
Q

Why are complexes coloured?

A
  • 5d orbitals split into two different energy levels
    so
    1. d electrons absorb different frequencies of white light
    2. d electrons get promoted to higher energy levels
    3. Colour seen is light transmitted and not absorbed by moving electrons
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14
Q

What is the link between the concentration of a solution and light absorbed?

A

The more concentrated a solution the more light absorbed

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15
Q

What are the uses of variable oxidation states?

A
  • testing for aldehydes
  • Oxidising alcohols
  • Catalysis
  • Redox titrations
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16
Q

What are the four different oxidation states of vanadium and what colour is each state?

A

VO2+ - 5+ (yellow)
VO 2+- 4+ (blue)
V 3+- 3+ (green)
V 2+- 2+ (Violet)

17
Q

Why is dilute H2SO4 used when reacting KMnO4?

A

H2SO4 needed as Cl- would be oxidised if HCl used
Dilute because conc H2SO4 is an oxidising agent

18
Q

What is the ratio when KMnO4 reacts with Fe2+?

A

5 Fe2+ : 1 MnO4-

19
Q

What is the ratio when C2O42- reacts with MnO4-?

A

52O42- :2MnO4-

20
Q

What is a heterogeneous catalyst?

A

Catalyst in different state than reactants

21
Q

How do heterogeneous catalysts work?

A

At least 1 reactant is adsorbed onto surface

22
Q

What is catalyst poisoning?

A

Substances bindin too strongly to active sites blocking them

23
Q

Why do transition metals make good catalysts?

A

Variable oxidation states

Physical Chemistry and Inorganic (20 decks)

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