2.5 The Oral Cavity, Tongue and Palate Flashcards
What is the Vestibule of the Oral Cavity?
The space between the Inferior Lips/Cheek, and the Gums (Gingivae)
What Muscle, which is innervated by the Facial Nerve, lies in the lateral walls of the Oral Cavity?
The Buccinator Muscle
Which Muscle of Facial Expression’s contraction causes closing/pursing of the Lips?
The Orbicularis Oris
This is supplied by the Buccal Nerve, which branches from the Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
What is the posterior opening of the Oral Cavity called?
The Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Isthmus of the Fauces
What is the Tongue?
A Muscular Organ covered by a Mucous Membrane
What are the Functions of the Tongue?
- Move food during chewing
- Taste
- Speech
- Swallowing
What is the name of the V shaped sulcus which divides the tongue into the Anterior 2/3, and Posterior 1/3?
The Terminal Sulcus
What is the embryological significance of the Foramen Caecum?
It is the remnant of the proximal Embryonic Thyroglossal Duct
Which 1/3 of the Tongue has surface projections of the Mucous Membrane? And which surface are they on?
The Anterior 1/3 of the Dorsal surface
This makes it rough
What are the name, and types of surface projections on the Tongue?
Papillae:
- Filiform Papilla
- Fungiform Papilla
- Foliate Papilla
- Vallate Papilla
Where can the Filiform Papilla be found?
The most anterior part of the Tongue, in the midline
Where can the Fungiform Papilla be found?
Immediately posterior of the Filiform Papilla, in the midline
Where can the Foliate Papilla be found?
These are not on the Dorsal surface, they are on the lateral/sublingual part
Where can the Vallate Papilla (Circumvallate) be found?
In a V-shaped line anterior to the Sulcus Terminalis
What are the surface projections of the (Dorsal) Posterior 1/3 of the Tongue formed by?
What is this called?
Submucosal Lymphoid Tissue, forming the Lingual Tonsil
What is the inferior surface of the Tongue covered by?
A Smooth Mucous Membrane
What is the name of the fold of Mucous Membrane which fixes the Tongue to the floor of the of the Mouth?
The Lingual Frenulum
What Vein can be seen when the tip of the Tongue is raised to the roof of the Oral Cavity?
The Deep Lingual Vein
Which nerve supplies General Sensory information to the Anterior 2/3 of the Tongue?
The Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V3)
Which nerve supplies General Sensory information to the Posterior 1/3 of the Tongue?
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
Which nerve supplies Special Sensory (Taste) information to the Anterior 2/3 of the Tongue?
Chorda Tympani branch of the Facial Nerve
Which nerve supplies Special Sensory (Taste) information to the Posterior 1/3 of the Tongue?
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
What are the 2 types of muscle in the tongue?
- Intrinsic Muscles which originate and insert within the tongue
- Extrinsic Muscles that attach from the tongue to the surrounding bone or soft palate
On a Sagittal Section of the Tounge, which specific area are the Intrinsic Muscle fibers mainly concentrated?
Within the Tongue only
What is the function of the Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue?
Changing the Position of the Tongue
What is the function of the Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue?
Change the Shape of the Tongue
What are the 4 Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue?
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
What are the attachments of the Genioglossus?
The Inner Surface of the Mandible, close to the midline
What are the attachments of the Hyoglossus?
The Upper Border of the body of the Mandible
What are the attachments of the Styloglossus?
The Styloid Process
What are the attachments of the Palatoglossus?
The Soft Palate
What is the action of the Genioglossus?
Protrudes the Tongue to the Opposite Side
What is the action of the Hyoglossus?
Depresses the Tongue
What is the action of the Styloglossus?
Retracts the Tongue
What is the action of the Palatoglossus?
Elevates the Tongue
What Nerve innervates all of the Muscles of the Tongue (Except One)?
The Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
What is the only Muscle of the Tongue not innervated by the Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)?
And What innervates this?
The Palatoglossus is innervated by the Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)
Name the 3 large pairs of Salivary Glands:
- Parotid Salivay Gland
- Submandibular Salivery Gland
- Sublingual Salivary Gland
Which Nerve gives Parasympathetic (so Secretomotor) innervation to the Parotid Gland?
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
Which Nerve gives Parasympathetic (so Secretomotor) innervation to the Submandibular Gland?
The Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
Which Nerve gives Parasympathetic (so Secretomotor) innervation to the Sublingual Gland?
The Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
What are the 2 bones which form the Hard Palate?
- The Palatine Process of the Maxila
2. The Horizontal Plate of the Palatine Bone
Name the 5 Muscles in the Soft Palate:
- Tensor Veli Palatini
- Palatoglossus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Levator Veli Palatini
- Musculus Uvulae
What is the Nerve Supply to the Muscles in the Soft Palate?
The Pharyngeal Plexus, via the Vagus Nerve. This consists of:
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
The Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)
What is the collective action of the Muscles in the Soft Palate?
This closes off the Nasopharyx (Nasal Passage) whilst swallowing, preventing the Bolus from travelling in the wrong direction
What lies between the folds of mucosa (Arches) of the Palatoglossus and the Palatopharyngeus?
Palatine Tonsils
What are the Palatine Tonsils made up of?
Lymphoid Tissue
