2.5 Proteins - their Functions and Uses Flashcards
What are protein molecules made up of?
Long chains of amino acids folded in a certain shape
What do proteins act as?
- Structural components of tissues
- Hormones
- Antibodies
- Catalysts
What are enzymes?
A biological catalyst that increases the rate of reaction
What happens to an enzyme when it’s heated too much?
Its active site is denatured
How do enzymes work?
Does the optimun pH vary for different enzymes?
Yes
What does amylase do?
Starch → Sugars
Where is amylase made?
- Salivary glands
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
What does protease do?
Proteins → Amino acids
Where is protease made?
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
What does lipase do?
Lipids → Glycerol and fatty acids
Where is lipase made?
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
What does the stomach produce (not an enzyme)?
Hydrochloric acid
What does the liver produce and for what purpose?
Bile to neutralise the acid that was added to food in the stomach
How are enzymes used in the home?
Biological detergents may contain protease and lipase. These are more effective at low temperatures