2.5 Proteins - their Functions and Uses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are protein molecules made up of?

A

Long chains of amino acids folded in a certain shape

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2
Q

What do proteins act as?

A
  • Structural components of tissues
  • Hormones
  • Antibodies
  • Catalysts
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3
Q

What are enzymes?

A

A biological catalyst that increases the rate of reaction

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4
Q

What happens to an enzyme when it’s heated too much?

A

Its active site is denatured

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5
Q

How do enzymes work?

A
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6
Q

Does the optimun pH vary for different enzymes?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What does amylase do?

A

Starch → Sugars

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8
Q

Where is amylase made?

A
  • Salivary glands
  • Pancreas
  • Small intestine
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9
Q

What does protease do?

A

Proteins → Amino acids

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10
Q

Where is protease made?

A
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas
  • Small intestine
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11
Q

What does lipase do?

A

Lipids → Glycerol and fatty acids

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12
Q

Where is lipase made?

A
  • Pancreas
  • Small intestine
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13
Q

What does the stomach produce (not an enzyme)?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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14
Q

What does the liver produce and for what purpose?

A

Bile to neutralise the acid that was added to food in the stomach

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15
Q

How are enzymes used in the home?

A

Biological detergents may contain protease and lipase. These are more effective at low temperatures

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16
Q

How are enzymes used in industry?

A
  • Protease is used to ‘pre-digest’ protein in baby foods
  • Carbohydrase is used to convert starch to sugar syrup
  • Isomerase is used to convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup
    • This is much sweeter therefore more can be used in smaller quantities in slimming foods
  • To bring about reactions at lower temperatures and pressures that would otherwise need lots of energy