2.5 Mechanisms for Evolutionary Change (part 1)

Question 1

What are the three mechanisms of altering genetic frequency in a population?

Answer 1

genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection

Question 2

What is the mechanism in which genetic frequencies FLUCTUATE RANDOMLY from one generation to the next in a SMALL POPULATION?

Answer 2

genetic drift

Question 3

What are circumstances that result in genetic drift?

Answer 3

Founder effect and bottleneck effect

Question 4

What is the effect that happens when a few individuals are SEPARATED from a large population?

Answer 4

Founder effect

Question 5

What effect happens when a group from a large population MIGRATES TO and populates A DISTANT area?

Answer 5

Founder effect

Question 6

What phenomenon happens when an environmental event DRASTICALLY DECREASES the number of individuals in a population?

Answer 6

Bottleneck effect

Question 7

What are the 3 effects that genetic drift can cause in a population?

Answer 7

the RANDOM CHANGE of allele frequencies, LOSS OF VARIATION in a population, FIXING of the HARMFUL alleles

Question 8

What is an allele?

Answer 8

a variant form of a gene

Question 9

What type of mechanism is significant in a SMALL POPULATION?

Answer 9

Genetic drift

Question 10

What type of mechanism is represented when genetic frequency is changed due to the MOVEMENT OF FERTILE INDIVIDUALS and their gametes in and out of the population?

Answer 10

Gene flow

Question 11

What type of mechanism is represented when ORGANISMS WHOSE TRAITS ARE WELL SUITED to the environment tend to survive + produce more offspring more than the others who are not suited?

Answer 11

Natural selection

Question 12

What mechanism results in ADAPTATION?

Answer 12

Natural selection

Question 13

Why does natural selection lead to adaptation?

Answer 13

Because of the selecting factor that determines survivability