2.5 - IPv4 and IPv6

Question 1

IP addressing

Answer 1

• IPv4 is the primary protocol for everything we do
  – You probably won’t configure anything else
• IPv6 is now part of all major operating systems
  – And the backbone of our Internet infrastructure

Question 2

IPv4 addresses

Answer 2

• Internet Protocol version 4
  – OSI Layer 3 address

Question 3

IPv6 addresses

Answer 3

• Internet Protocol v6 - 128-bit address
  – 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
  addresses (340 undecillion)
  – 6.8 billion people could each have
  5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 addresses

Question 4

Networking with IPv4

Answer 4

• IP Address, e.g., 192.168.1.165
  – Every device needs a unique IP address
• Subnet mask, e.g., 255.255.255.0
  – Used by the local device to determine its subnet
  – The subnet mask isn’t (usually) transmitted
  across the network
• Default gateway, e.g., 192.168.1.1
  – The router that allows you to communicate
  outside of your local subnet
  – The default gateway must be an IP address
  on the local subnet

Question 5

DNS servers

Answer 5

• We remember names
  – professormesser.com, google.com, youtube.com
• Internet routers don’t know names
  – Routers only know IP addresses
• Something has to translate between
  names and IP addresses
  – Domain Name Services
• You configure two DNS servers in
  your IP configuration
  – That’s how important it is

Question 6

IPv4 addresses format

Answer 6

Question 7

IPv6 addresses format

Answer 7