2.5 Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Enzyme

A

Globular protein that increases rate of biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy threshold

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2
Q

Active site

A

Site on the surface on enzyme which binds to substrate molecule

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3
Q

Enzyme-substrate specificity 1)

A

Active site and subtrate complement each other in terms of both shape and chemical properties

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4
Q

Enzyme-substrate specificity 2)

Enzyme-substrate complex

A

Binding to active site brings substrate into close physical proximity.

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5
Q

Enzyme-substrate specificity 3)

Enzyme-substrate product complex

A

Enzyme catalyes the conversion of substrate INTO A product

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6
Q

Effect of low temperature on enzyme

A

Insufficient thermal energy for the activation

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7
Q

Effect of HIGH temperature on enzyme

A

Increases speed and motion of both enzyme and substrate. Higher enzyme activity

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8
Q

Cause of higher enzyme activity

A

Higher kinetic energy results in more collisions

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9
Q

What happens when temperature is too high

A

Enzyme becomes unstable

Thermal energy disrupts hydrogen bonds

Enzyme denatures

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10
Q

Affect of changing pH

A

pH alters charge of enzyme. Protein solubility and shape change

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11
Q

Affect of changing charge

A

Active site will diminish its ability to bind to substrate

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12
Q

Denaturing

A

Structural change in a protein that results in the loss of biological properties

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13
Q

How to make lactose free milk

A

Lactose is broken down by lactase

Purify lactase with yeast and binding to alginate beads

Milk passed over immobilized enzyme is lactose free

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14
Q

Ways to use lactose free milk

A

-Source of milk for lactose intolerant people

-Increases sweetness of milk. No need for artificial sweeteners

-Shorter production time for yogurts and cheese

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