2.5 enzymes

Question 1

enzymes are?

Answer 1

• proteins
  -made of amino acids

Question 2

what is it called when the structure of a protein changes?

Answer 2

denaturation. it happens to enzymes because they are proteins.

Question 3

whats an enzyme?

Answer 3

• globular proteins
  -biological CATALYST (speeds up reaction without being used)

Question 4

substrate is?

Answer 4

thing that enzyme is acting on, that is entering the enzyme. the area that it enters is called the active site

Question 5

active site is?

Answer 5

area on the ENZYME with a SPECIFIC SHAPE due to the careful folds of the globular protein. where the reaction will occur

Question 6

enzyme-substrate omplex

Answer 6

when they are together, enzyme is acting on teh substrate.

Question 7

different active sites depedning on?

Answer 7

catabolic (breaking down polymers) or anabolic (making into polymers)

Question 8

anabolism?

Answer 8

making into polymers
-dehydration syntehsis/condensation

Question 9

catabolism

Answer 9

breaking down polymers
“catastrophe”

Question 10

collison is ?

Answer 10

he more the enzyme is in contact with a substrate, the more likely that a reaction is going to occur
- the result of random movements
- succesful collisions are when they are correctly aligned, may happen when the substraate is at an angle

Question 11

lock and key hypotehsis is? induced fit HYPOTEHSSI is?

Answer 11

lock and key-active site is PERFECT for the substrate

vs
induced fit- substrte being there causes enzyme to slgihtly change shape due ot attractive forces between them. BETTER explanation cuz altho theyre specific, some enzymes can faciliatate more than one reaction

Question 12

what are factors that affect enzyme activity?

Answer 12

1. substrate concentratoin
2. ph
3. temp

Question 13

how does substrate concentraiton affect enzyme activity

Answer 13

• eventually theres more substrate than in solution for enzymes so theres still reactions (enzymes leave, substrate comes in) but it is at a constate rate. enzyme activity becomes static
• increased substrate molecules, the rate begins to level and the full saturation happens

Question 14

how does ph affect enzyme activity

Answer 14

once you reach the optimal ph, enzyme begins to denature
dependant on optimal pH for specific enzyme

Question 15

how does temperature affect enzyme activity

Answer 15

increased kinetic energy of enzyme, increased chance of collision, low temps have a low rate of reaction

optimum temp = max state of reaction

rapid decrease in rate of reaction means enzyme is denatured

Question 16

denaturing

Answer 16

structural chang ein a rpotein that results in a loss (usually permanent) of its biological properties

Question 17

change in shape =

Answer 17

change in function

Question 18

if the active site is changed

Answer 18

it will not attract the substrate, resulting in a functioneless protien!

Question 19

structure of enzymes

Answer 19

tertiary (maintained by hydrogen, ionic and covalent bonds

Question 20

enzyme immobilisation?

Answer 20

process of confining enzyme molecules to a solid support over which a substreate is passed and converted. often dont to increase collisons to maximisze effiencoeny (increase collisions)
done trhu glass/alginate beads