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MSRA Dermatology [3] > [25] Dermatology Management > Flashcards

[25] Dermatology Management Flashcards

1
Q

How can treatment modalities for dermatology be broadly categorised?

A
  • Medical therapy

- Physical therapy

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2
Q

How can medical therapy in dermatology be further categorised?

A
  • Topical

- Systemic

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3
Q

What are the types of physical dermatology treatments?

A
  • Cryotherapy
  • Phototherapy
  • Photodynamic therapy
  • Lasers
  • Surgery
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4
Q

How do topical dermatological therapies work?

A

Deliver treatment directly to the affected areas

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5
Q

What is the advantage of topical therapies?

A

Reduces the systemic side-effects

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6
Q

What conditions are topical therapies suitable for?

A

Localised and less severe skin conditions

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7
Q

What do topical therapies consist of?

A
  • Active constituents

- Base

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8
Q

What is the role of the base in topical therapies?

A

Transport the active constituents into the skin

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9
Q

What are some examples of active constituents in dermatological topical therapies?

A
  • Steroids
  • Tar
  • Immunomodulators
  • Retinoids
  • Antibiotics
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10
Q

What are the common forms of base used in topical therapies?

A
  • Lotion
  • Cream
  • Gel
  • Ointment
  • Paste
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11
Q

What is a lotion?

A

A liquid

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12
Q

What is a cream?

A

Oil in water

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13
Q

What is a gel?

A

Organic polymers in liquid - transparent

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14
Q

What is an ointment?

A

Oil with little to no water

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15
Q

What is a paste?

A

Powder in an ointment

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16
Q

When are systemic therapies preferred in dermatology?

A
  • Extensive disease
  • Serious disease
  • Systemic involvement
  • Topical treatment failure
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17
Q

What is the main disadvantage of systemic therapies?

A

Can cause systemic side-effects

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18
Q

What are the most common medical therapies used in dermatology?

A
  • Emollients
  • Topical/oral steroids
  • Oral aciclovir
  • Oral antihistamines
  • Topical/oral antibiotics
  • Topical antiseptics
  • Oral retinoids
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19
Q

What is the aim of emollients?

A

Rehydrate the skin and re-establish the surface lipid layer

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20
Q

When are emollients used?

A

Dry, scaling conditions and as soap substitutes

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21
Q

What are some examples of emollients?

A
  • Aqueous cream
  • Emulsifying ointment
  • Liquid paraffin
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22
Q

What are the potential side-effects of emollients?

A

Irritant or allergic reactions

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23
Q

What are the aims of steroids in dermatology?

A

Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects

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24
Q

What conditions can steroids be used for in dermatology?

A
  • Allergic and immune reactions
  • Inflammatory skin conditions
  • Blistering disorders
  • Connective tissue diseases
  • Vasculitis
25
What types of steroids are used in dermatology?
- Topical | - Oral
26
How are topical steroids classified?
By their potency
27
What are the different potencies of topical steroids?
- Mildly potent - Moderately potent - Potent - Very potent
28
What is a mildly potent topical steroid?
Hydrocortisone
29
What is a moderately potent topical steroid?
Eumovate
30
What is a potent topical steroid?
Betnovate
31
What is a very potent topical steroid?
Dermovate
32
What is an example of an oral steroid?
Prednisolone
33
What are the local side-effects of topical steroids?
- Skin thinning (atrophy) - Telangiectasia - Striae - Skin infections - Acne - Perioral and allergic contact dermatitis
34
What are the systemic side-effects of steroids?
- Cushing's syndrome - Immunosuppression - Hypertension - Diabetes - Osteoporosis - Cataract - Steroid-induced psychosis
35
What are the indications of oral aciclovir?
Viral infections due to herpes simplex and herpes zoster
36
What are the side-effects of oral aciclovir?
- GI upset - Raised liver enzymes - Reversible neurological reactions - Haematological disorders
37
What are the uses of oral antihistamines?
- Type-1 hypersensitivity reactions | - Eczema (especially sedative type in children)
38
How do oral antihistamines work?
Block histamine receptors producing an anti-pruritic effect
39
How can oral antihistamines be classified?
- Sedative | - Nonsedative
40
What are some examples of sedative oral antihistamines?
- Chlorpheniramine | - Hydroxyzine
41
What are some examples of nonsedative oral antihistamines?
- Cetirizine | - Loratidine
42
What are the side-effects of sedative antihistamines?
- Sedation | - Anticholinergic effects
43
What are some examples of anticholinergic effects caused by sedative antihistamines?
- Dry mouth - Blurred vision - Urinary retention - Constipation
44
What are topical/oral antibiotics used for in dermatology?
- Bacterial skin conditions | - Acne
45
What are some examples of topical antibiotics?
- Fusidic acid - Mupirocin - Neomycin
46
What are some examples of oral antibiotics?
- Penicillins - Cephalosporins - Gentamicin - Macrolides - Nitrofurantoin - Quinolones - Tetracyclines - Vancomycin - Metronidazole - Trimethoprim
47
What are the side-effects of topical antibiotics?
Local skin irritation/allergy
48
What are the potential side-effects of oral antibiotics?
- GI upset - Rashes - Anaphylaxis - Vaginal candidiasis - C. diff - Antibiotic resistance
49
What are the indications of topical antiseptics?
Treat and prevent skin infection
50
What are some examples of topical antiseptics?
- Chlorhexidine - Cetrimide - Povidone-iodine
51
What are the potential side-effects of topical antiseptics?
Local skin irritation/allergy
52
What are the indications for oral retinoids?
- Acne - Psoriasis - Disorders of keratinisation
53
What are the side-effects of oral retinoids?
- Mucocutaneous reactions - Disordered liver function - Hypercholesterolaemia - Hypertriglyceridaemia - Myalgia - Arthralgia - Depression - Teratogenicity
54
What are the mucocutaneous side-effects of oral retinoids?
- Dry skin - Dry eyes - Dry lips
55
What precautions must be taken when prescribing oral retinoids?
Effective contraception
56
What are some examples of oral retinoids?
- Isotretinoin | - Acitretin
57
How long must effective contraception be used in isotretinoin?
- One month before - During - One month after
58
How long must effective contraception . be used in acitretin?
- One month before - During - 2 years after

MSRA Dermatology [3] (26 decks)

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