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WJEC GCSE CHEMISTRY > 2.5 CRUDE OIL, FULES AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

2.5 CRUDE OIL, FULES AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT IS CRUDE OIL?

A

The source of the vast majority of fossil fuels. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

WHAT ARE HYDROCARBONS?

A

Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen

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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE 7 FRACTIONS OF CRUDE OIL?

A
  • Refinery gas
  • Petroleum
  • Naphtha
  • Kerosene
  • Diesel
  • Fuel oil
  • Bitumen
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4
Q

WHICH FRACTION OF CRUDE OIL HAS THE LOWEST BOILING POINT?

A

Refinery gas

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5
Q

WHICH FRACTION OF CRUDE OIL HAS THE HIGHEST BOILING POINT?

A

Bitumen

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6
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF REFINERY GAS?

A

Portable burners (lighters)

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7
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF PETROLEUM?

A

Fuel for cars

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8
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF NAPHTHA?

A

Make other chemicals such as plastic

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9
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF KEROSINE?

A

Fuel for aircraft

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10
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF DIESEL?

A

Fuel for lorries and trains

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11
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF FUEL OIL?

A

Fuel for ships and heating buildings

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12
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF BITUMEN?

A

Used as ‘tar’ to make road surfaces

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13
Q

WHEN DOES COMBUSTION OCCUR?

A

when a chemical reacts with oxygen to produce heat (exothermic), light and new products

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14
Q

WHAT DOES THE COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBONS PRODUCE?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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15
Q

WHAT DOES THE COMBUSTION OF ALCOHOLS PRODUCE?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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16
Q

WHAT DOES THE COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN PRODUCE?

A

Water

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF THE FIRE TRIANGLE?

A

Heat, Oxygen and Fuel

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18
Q

WHAT IS THE METHOD TO REMOVE HEAT FROM A FIRE?

A

Put water on it

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19
Q

WHAT IS THE METHOD TO REMOVE OXYGEN FROM A FIRE?

A
  • CO2 extinguishers
  • foam extinguishers
  • fire blankets
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20
Q

WHAT IS THE METHOD TO REMOVE FUEL FROM A FIRE?

A

the removal of fuel is mostly used in fire prevention.
- forests having sections with no trees to prevent forest fires from spreading
- felling and removing trees around a fire to create a firebreak and stop the fire from spreading.
- use of non-flammable or fire-resistant materials in the manufacture of everyday items

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21
Q

WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR ENERGY RELEASED IN THE FORMATION OF FUELS?

A

energy released = mass of water x 4.2 x temp rise / mass of alcohol burned

22
Q

WHAT IS THE GENERAL FORMULA OF AN ALKANE?

A

CnH2n+2

23
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH ONE CARBON ATOM?

A

Methane

24
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH TWO CARBON ATOMS?

A

Ethane

25
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH THREE CARBON ATOMS?

A

Propane

26
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH FOUR CARBON ATOMS?

A

Butane

27
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH FIVE CARBON ATOMS?

A

Pentane

28
Q

WHAT DOES CRACKING INVOLVE?

A

Heating the long chain alkanes in the presence of a catalyst but in the absence of oxygen, which breaks them down into smaller hydrocarbons. The products of cracking are shorter chain alkanes

29
Q

ARE ALKANES SATURATED?

A

Yes

30
Q

ARE ALKENES SATURATED?

A

No

31
Q

WHAT IS THE GENERAL FORMULA OF AN ALKENE?

A

CnH2n

32
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKENE WITH TWO CARBON ATOMS?

A

Ethene

33
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKENE WITH THREE CARBON ATOMS?

A

Propene

34
Q

WHAT BOND IS PRESSENT IN AN ALKENE THATS DIFFERENT TO AN ALKANE?

A

One double bond between two carbon atoms

35
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO ADDITION REACTIONS RELATED TO ALKENES?

A

1) addition of Br2: removes double bond and places two atoms of Br in its place

2) addition of H2:
removes double bond and places two atoms of H in its place (this forms an alkane)

36
Q

WHAT IS POLYMERISATION?

A

Alkenes form polymers. One of the bonds in the double bonds breaks and then joins onto another monomer. This process repeats until a long polymer chain is formed

37
Q

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE FOUR POLYMERS ALKENE MAKES?

A
  • Polyethene
  • Polypropene
  • PVC (vinyl chloride)
  • PTFE (tetrafluroethene)
38
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF POLYETHENE?

A

Plastic bags and bottles

39
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF POLYPROPENE?

A

Ropes and plastic crates

40
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF PVC?

A

Drainpipes and window frames

41
Q

WHAT IS A USE OF TETRAFLUROETHENE?

A

Non-stick coating on pans

42
Q

WHAT IS THE GENERAL FORMULA OF AN ALCOHOL?

A

CnH2n+1OH

43
Q

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE DIFFERENT ALCOHOLS?

A
  • Methanol
  • Ethanol
  • Propanol
  • Butanol
  • Pentanol
44
Q

HOW IS ETHANOL MADE?

A

Fermentation. Yeast mixed with glucose in water.

C6H12O6 –> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

45
Q

WHAT IS THE TEST FOR ALCOHOLS?

A

Mix with potassium dichromate. Colour change from orange to green

46
Q

WHAT ARE ISOMERS?

A

molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of the way in which the atoms are joined together (i.e. a different structure)

47
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ISOMERISM?

A

1) Chain isomerism: extra carbon and hydrogen ‘branch’ from main chain

2) Position isomerism: functional group of a molecule moves to a different position in the chain

48
Q

WHAT ARE THE STEPS TO NAMING ISOMERS?

A

1) Identify the longest chain of unbroken carbon atoms
2) Identify the functional group of the molecule (alcohol, alkene or alkane)
3) Number the chain location (smallest number)
4) Name the isomer

49
Q

WHAT IS THE USE OF INFARED SPECTROSCOPY?

A

To identify specific bonds between atoms in an organic molecule

50
Q

WHAT DO ‘PEAKS’ SHOW ON AN INFARED SPECTRUM GRAPH?

A

The wavelength of certain bonds, if there is a peak then that bond is present

WJEC GCSE CHEMISTRY (6 decks)

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