2.3 METALS AND THEIR EXTRACTION Flashcards
HOW DO YOU EXTRACT A METAL FROM ITS ORE?
Oxygen must be removed from the metal oxide
WHAT IS THE REMOVAL OF OXYGEN FROM A COMPOUND?
Reduction
WHAT IS THE GAIN OF OXYGEN IN A COMPOUND?
Oxydation
WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF METAL DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS?
A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive one
WHAT DO METALS COMPETE FOR?
Oxygen, the more reactive metal always wins
WHAT ARE THE THREE RAW MATERIALS PUT INTO THE BLAST FURNACE?
- Iron ore (Fe2O3)
- Coke (C)
- Limestone (CaCO3)
WHAT IS THE FIRST EQUATION TO HAPPEN IN THE BLAST FURNACE?
C + O2 —> CO2 (exothermic)
WHAT IS THE SECOND EQUATION TO HAPPEN IN THE BLAST FURNACE?
CO2 + C —> 2CO (reducing agent)
WHAT IS THE THRID EQUATION TO HAPPEN IN THE BLAST FURNACE?
FE2O3 + 3CO —> 2FE + 3CO2
WHAT ARE THE EQUATIONS TO RID OF IMPURITIES IN THE BLAST FURNACE?
1) CaCO3 —> CaO + CO2 (thermal decomposition)
2) SiO2 + CaO —> CaSiO3 (SLAG)
WHAT ARE THE THREE TRANSITION METALS?
- Copper
- Iron (II)
- Iron (III)
WHAT ARE THE TRANSITION METAL PRECIPITATE EQUATIONS?
1) Fe2+ + 2OH- —> Fe(OH)2
2) Fe3+ + 3OH- —> Fe(OH)3
3) Cu2+ + 2OH- —> Cu(OH)2
WHAT DOES PANIC MEAN?
Positive anode, Negative is cathode
WHAT DOES OIL RIG MEAN?
Oxidation is loss, Reduction is gain
WHERE DO POSITIVE IONS ATTRACT TO?
The negative cathode
WHERE DO NEGATIVE IONS ATTRACT TO?
The positive anode
WHAT IS ELECTROLYSIS?
The breakdown of compounds using electricity. Compounds must be molten
WHAT IONS ARE ALSO PRESENT IN THE ELECTROLYSIS OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION?
H+ and OH-
WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTION AT THE CATHODE IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION?
If the positive metal ion is less reactive than hydrogen it will collect at the cathode
If the positive metal is more reactive than hydrogen then the H+ ions will collect at the cathode
WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE FOR COLLECTION AT THE ANODE IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION?
If Cl-, I- or Br- ion are present they will collect at the anode
If SO4 2- is present then OH- ions will collect at the anode
WHAT MUST ALUMINIUM BE MIXED WITH IN ITS EXTRACTION AND WHY?
Cryolite as aluminium melting point is too high
WHAT IS THE ELECTRON HALF EQUATION FOR THE FORMATION OF HYDROGEN AT THE CATHODE?
2H+ + 2e- —> H2
WHAT IS THE ELECTRON HALF EQUATION FOR THE FORMATION OF THE HYDROXIDE AT THE ANODE?
2OH- —> O2 + 2e-
WHAT ARE THE TWO USES FOR ELECTROLYSIS?
1) Electroplating - most commonly used to plate spoons in silver
2) Purification of copper- using an impure copper anode and a pure copper cathode
