2.3 METALS AND THEIR EXTRACTION

Question 1

HOW DO YOU EXTRACT A METAL FROM ITS ORE?

Answer 1

Oxygen must be removed from the metal oxide

Question 2

WHAT IS THE REMOVAL OF OXYGEN FROM A COMPOUND?

Answer 2

Reduction

Question 3

WHAT IS THE GAIN OF OXYGEN IN A COMPOUND?

Answer 3

Oxydation

Question 4

WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF METAL DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS?

Answer 4

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive one

Question 5

WHAT DO METALS COMPETE FOR?

Answer 5

Oxygen, the more reactive metal always wins

Question 6

WHAT ARE THE THREE RAW MATERIALS PUT INTO THE BLAST FURNACE?

Answer 6

• Iron ore (Fe2O3)
• Coke (C)
• Limestone (CaCO3)

Question 7

WHAT IS THE FIRST EQUATION TO HAPPEN IN THE BLAST FURNACE?

Answer 7

C + O2 —> CO2 (exothermic)

Question 8

WHAT IS THE SECOND EQUATION TO HAPPEN IN THE BLAST FURNACE?

Answer 8

CO2 + C —> 2CO (reducing agent)

Question 9

WHAT IS THE THRID EQUATION TO HAPPEN IN THE BLAST FURNACE?

Answer 9

FE2O3 + 3CO —> 2FE + 3CO2

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE EQUATIONS TO RID OF IMPURITIES IN THE BLAST FURNACE?

Answer 10

1) CaCO3 —> CaO + CO2 (thermal decomposition)

2) SiO2 + CaO —> CaSiO3 (SLAG)

Question 11

WHAT ARE THE THREE TRANSITION METALS?

Answer 11

• Copper
• Iron (II)
• Iron (III)

Question 12

WHAT ARE THE TRANSITION METAL PRECIPITATE EQUATIONS?

Answer 12

1) Fe2+ + 2OH- —> Fe(OH)2

2) Fe3+ + 3OH- —> Fe(OH)3

3) Cu2+ + 2OH- —> Cu(OH)2

Question 13

WHAT DOES PANIC MEAN?

Answer 13

Positive anode, Negative is cathode

Question 14

WHAT DOES OIL RIG MEAN?

Answer 14

Oxidation is loss, Reduction is gain

Question 15

WHERE DO POSITIVE IONS ATTRACT TO?

Answer 15

The negative cathode

Question 16

WHERE DO NEGATIVE IONS ATTRACT TO?

Answer 16

The positive anode

Question 17

WHAT IS ELECTROLYSIS?

Answer 17

The breakdown of compounds using electricity. Compounds must be molten

Question 18

WHAT IONS ARE ALSO PRESENT IN THE ELECTROLYSIS OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION?

Answer 18

H+ and OH-

Question 19

WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTION AT THE CATHODE IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION?

Answer 19

If the positive metal ion is less reactive than hydrogen it will collect at the cathode
If the positive metal is more reactive than hydrogen then the H+ ions will collect at the cathode

Question 20

WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE FOR COLLECTION AT THE ANODE IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION?

Answer 20

If Cl-, I- or Br- ion are present they will collect at the anode

If SO4 2- is present then OH- ions will collect at the anode

Question 21

WHAT MUST ALUMINIUM BE MIXED WITH IN ITS EXTRACTION AND WHY?

Answer 21

Cryolite as aluminium melting point is too high

Question 22

WHAT IS THE ELECTRON HALF EQUATION FOR THE FORMATION OF HYDROGEN AT THE CATHODE?

Answer 22

2H+ + 2e- —> H2

Question 23

WHAT IS THE ELECTRON HALF EQUATION FOR THE FORMATION OF THE HYDROXIDE AT THE ANODE?

Answer 23

2OH- —> O2 + 2e-

Question 24

WHAT ARE THE TWO USES FOR ELECTROLYSIS?

Answer 24

1) Electroplating - most commonly used to plate spoons in silver

2) Purification of copper- using an impure copper anode and a pure copper cathode