25 cardiovascular Flashcards
The __________ valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
aortic semilunar
Which of the following valves prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?
pulmonary semilunar
Which component of the cardiac conduction system is located between the ventricles and splits into left and right branches?
bundle of His
Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the wall of the right atrium?
SA Node
Which part of the cardiac conduction system is known as the pacemaker of the heart?
SA Node
Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the walls of the ventricles and cause the ventricles to contract?
Multiple Choice
SA node
AV node
bundle of His
Purkinje fibers
bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Which part of the cardiac conduction system receives the impulse from the SA node?
Multiple Choice
SA node
AV node
bundle of His
Purkinje fibers
bundle branches
AV Node
The bundle of His splits into left and right bundle branches that carry an electrical impulse to the __________.
Multiple Choice
SA node
AV node
AV bundle
Purkinje fibers
mitral valve
Purkinje fibers
Which of the following causes dysrhythmia when elevated?
Multiple Choice
exercise
body temperature
potassium ions
calcium ions
phosphate ions
potassium ions
Which of the following can cause longer-than-normal heart contractions?
Multiple Choice
strenuous exercise
elevated body temperature
high concentration of potassium ions
high concentration of calcium ions
elevated heart rate
high concentration of calcium ions
Which of the following does not cause an increase in the heart rate?
Multiple Choice
strenuous exercise
elevated body temperature
parasympathetic nerve stimulation
sympathetic nerve stimulation
low concentration of potassium ions
parasympathetic nerve stimulation
Which of the following keeps the heart rate relatively low?
Multiple Choice
strenuous exercise
elevated body temperature
parasympathetic nerve stimulation
sympathetic nerve stimulation
high blood pressure
parasympathetic nerve stimulation
The cardiac control center responds to __________.
Multiple Choice
changes in blood pressure
increase in potassium ion concentration
strenuous exercise
increase in calcium ion concentration
Increase in body temperature
changes in blood pressure
The __________ have walls that are one cell thick.
Multiple Choice
arterioles
arteries
veins
venules
capillaries
capillaries
Venules and arterioles are connected by __________.
Multiple Choice
arterioles
arteries
veins
venules
capillaries
capillaries
Which of the following are the strongest blood vessels that function to carry blood away from the heart?
Multiple Choice
arterioles
arteries
veins
venules
capillaries
arteries
The __________ are small vessels that carry oxygenated blood.
Multiple Choice
arterioles
arteries
veins
venules
capillaries
arterioles
The __________ are small vessels that carry deoxygenated blood.
Multiple Choice
arterioles
arteries
veins
venules
capillaries
venules
Which of the following results in an increased blood pressure?
Multiple Choice
increased cardiac output
loss of blood
vasodilation
dehydration
shock
increased cardiac output
Which of the following does not decrease the blood pressure?
Multiple Choice
loss of blood
vasoconstriction
vasodilation
dehydration
decreased cardiac output
vasoconstriction
Which of the following veins drains the intestines?
Multiple Choice
mesenteric
renal
brachial
iliac
intercostal
mesenteric
Which artery supplies blood to the thigh?
Multiple Choice
left carotid
right subclavian
celiac
phrenic
femoral
femoral
The blood supply for the teeth comes from the __________ artery.
Multiple Choice
mesenteric
axillary
lumbar
lingual
maxillary
maxillary
Which arteries supply blood to the rib area?
Multiple Choice
intercostals
external iliacs
axillaries
popliteals
occipitals
intercostals
The __________ arteries supply blood to the forearm and hand.
Multiple Choice
brachial and popliteal
ulnar and radial
common iliac and external iliac
femoral and tibial
maxillary and lingual
ulnar and radial
The __________ vein is the major vein in the legs.
Multiple Choice
azygos
intercostal
saphenous
jugular
brachiocephalic
saphenous
Gluteal areas are served by the __________ veins.
Multiple Choice
azygos
intercostal
saphenous
iliac
popliteal
iliac
The __________ vein takes blood to the liver from the intestines.
Multiple Choice
saphenous
iliac
mesenteric
axillary
gastric
mesenteric
Blood leaves the armpits through the __________ veins.
Multiple Choice
saphenous
iliac
mesenteric
axillary
brachial
axillary
The __________ vein removes blood from the thorax and abdomen.
Multiple Choice
azygos
intercostal
saphenous
iliac
axillary
azygos
Which of the following causes of chest pain is heart-related?
Multiple Choice
Pleurisy
Heartburn
Angina
Inflammation of the pancreas
Costochondritis
Angina
Which of the following causes chest pain only when someone pushes on the chest?
Multiple Choice
heartburn
costochondritis
pulmonary embolism
sore muscles
pleurisy
costochondritis
Mr. Jackson is being seen in the urgent care center where you work because of severe chest pain. He says the pain is sharp and severe and gets worse when he coughs or breathes in. He is afraid he is having a heart attack. Based on these symptoms, you might suspect that he has
Multiple Choice
heartburn.
costochondritis.
a pulmonary embolism.
sore muscles.
myocardial infarction.
a pulmonary embolism
Chest pain caused by __________ generally occurs only during body movements.
Multiple Choice
heartburn
costochondritis
pulmonary embolism
sore muscles
panic attacks
sore muscles
If chest pain follows a meal and increases when the patient bends over, it is generally due to __________.
Multiple Choice
heartburn
costochondritis
pulmonary embolism
sore muscles
pleurisy
heartburn
Karyn has been having episodes of tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) associated with her congestive heart failure. Karyn does not want to add “yet another” medication to those she is already taking. Which of the following options might help Karyn control her rapid heartbeat without medication?
Multiple Choice
maze procedure
vagal maneuvers
increased exercise
increased caffeine intake
electrical shock
vagal maneuvers
Mr. Johnson is an overweight patient with a history of myocardial infarction four years ago. He is in the office today complaining that he just doesn’t feel well. He is experiencing nausea, shortness of breath, and a little dizziness. His feet and ankles seem swollen and his neck veins are prominent. For which of the following conditions might the practitioner test given the patient’s symptoms?
Multiple Choice
endocarditis
hypertension
mitral valve prolapse
congestive heart failure
acute myocardial infarction
congestive heart failure
Mrs. Landon has been diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Her cholesterol level is high, and the licensed practitioner advised her to get more exercise and follow a low-fat diet. At her follow-up appointment, however, the licensed practitioner tests her cholesterol level and it is still unacceptably high. Which of the following medications might you expect the licensed practitioner to prescribe to help lower her cholesterol?
Multiple Choice
RhoGAM
Lasix
Lipitor
aspirin
ibuprofen
Lipitor
The purpose of the four valves of the heart is to __________.
Multiple Choice
control the rate of blood flow
ensure one-way blood flow
keep the blood in the correct chamber
maintain blood pressure
generate rhythmic contractions
ensure one way blood flow
Body cells surrounding capillaries usually have a __________.
Multiple Choice
high oxygen concentration
low oxygen concentrationCorrect
low carbon dioxide concentration
high nutrient concentration
low concentration of waste products
low oxygen concentration
Water is forced through capillary walls by __________.
Multiple Choice
different concentrations of substances
low pressure of the blood
filtration
osmosis
diffusion
filtration
In the clinical setting, blood pressure refers to __________.
Multiple Choice
lymphatic pressure
arterial pressure
osmotic pressure
venous pressure
intracardiac pressure
arterial pressure
Blood pressure is greatest in the arteries __________.
Multiple Choice
when the heart is between contraction and relaxation
when the atria contract
when the Purkinje fibers are stimulated
when the SA node fires
when the ventricles contract
when the ventricles contract
What causes a myocardial infarction?
Multiple Choice
damaged heart valves
weakened heart muscle
obstruction of blood flow to the heart muscle
a serious dysrhythmia
a defective SA node
obstruction of blood flow to the heart muscle
The __________ lies on top of the visceral pericardium.
Multiple Choice
fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
myocardium
endocardium
epicardium
parietal pericardium
Which of following is a membrane that covers the heart?
Multiple Choice
pericardium
myocardium
epicardium
endocardium
pericardial cavity
pericardium
The outermost layer of the heart wall, which contains fat that helps cushion the heart, is known as the __________.
Multiple Choice
myocardium
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium
endocardium
visceral pericardium
Which of the following is the thickest layer of the heart, which is made up of muscle?
Multiple Choice
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
pericardium
pericardial cavity
myocardium
Which layer of the heart is the outermost layer, which contains fat to cushion the heart?
Multiple Choice
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
pericardium
pericardial cavity
epicardium
Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart, which is thin and smooth?
Multiple Choice
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
pericardium
pericardial cavity
endocardium
Which of these layers of the heart wall contains Purkinje fibers?
Multiple Choice
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
pericardium
pericardial cavity
endocardium
Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Multiple Choice
tricuspid
bicuspid
pulmonary semilunar
aortic semilunar
right atrioventricular
bicuspid
What is the name of the valve that is also known as the mitral valve?
Multiple Choice
tricuspid
bicuspid
pulmonary semilunar
aortic semilunar
right atrioventricular
bicuspid
The __________ valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
Multiple Choice
tricuspid
bicuspid
pulmonary semilunar
aortic semilunar
right atrioventricular
pulmonary semilunar
The __________ valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
Multiple Choice
tricuspid
bicuspid
pulmonary semilunar
aortic semilunar
left atrioventricular
aortic semilunar
