2.5 Adverse Conditions

Question 1

Name two ways in which animals can survive environmental adversity

Answer 1

Adapt and avoid

Question 2

How do animals prevent expending excessive energy during periods of environmental adversity

Answer 2

Dormancy

Question 3

What is dormancy

Answer 3

A part of a organisms lifecycles associated with resisting or tolerating periods of environmental adversity

Question 4

What happens during dormancy

Answer 4

Metabolic rate decreases to the minimum rate required to keep its cells alive

Question 5

Name the two types of dormancy

Answer 5

Predictive and consequential

Question 6

What is predictive dormancy

Answer 6

Occurs before the arrival of the adverse conditions and is usually genetically controlled

Question 7

What is consequential dormancy

Answer 7

When an organism becomes dormant after the arrival of adverse conditions

Question 8

What is hibernation

Answer 8

A form of dormancy used by organisms in order to survive adverse winter conditions

Question 9

What is hibernation brought about by

Answer 9

Low temperature and lack of food

Question 10

What type of dormancy is hibernation

Answer 10

Predictive

Question 11

What happens during hibernation

Answer 11

Metabolism decreases, body temperature decreases, heart rate slows, breathing rate slows and minimum energy is expended

Question 12

What is aestivation

Answer 12

A form of dormancy used by organism in order to survive high temperatures or drought

Question 13

How does an organism survive hot climates

Answer 13

Burrowing into the ground

Question 14

What happens during aestivation

Answer 14

Metabolic rate is reduced

Question 15

What type of dormancy is aestivation

Answer 15

Consequential

Question 16

What is daily torpor

Answer 16

A period of reduced activity in organisms with high metabolic rates

Question 17

What happens during daily torpor

Answer 17

Decrease is heart rate, breathing rate and body temperature

Question 18

How does daily torpor increase an organisms chance of survival

Answer 18

By reducing the energy required to maintain a high metabolic rate

Question 19

What is an advantage of daily torpor

Answer 19

Small mammals and birds can reduce their energy consumption rate by up to 90%

Question 20

What is a disadvantage of daily torpor

Answer 20

Postpones repair processes and reduced memory function

Question 21

What is migration

Answer 21

The regular movement of members of a species from one place to another over a relatively long distance

Question 22

What are the two types of migratory behaviour

Answer 22

Innate and learned

Question 23

What is innate migratory behaviour

Answer 23

When an organisms behaviour is thought to be inherited

Question 24

What is learned migratory behaviour

Answer 24

Begins after birth and is gained by experience