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Bio 364 Exam 4 Ch. 24 > 24.9 Small intestine > Flashcards

24.9 Small intestine Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the site of greatest amt of digestion and absorption?

A

small intestine

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2
Q

what gets absorbed in the small intestine?

A

nutrients and H_2O

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3
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the small intestine?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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4
Q

how long is the duodenum?

A

25 cm beyond the pyloric sphincter

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5
Q

how long is the jejunum?

A

2.5 m

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6
Q

how long is the ileum?

A

3.5 m

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7
Q

by how much do the modifications to the surface area increase the surface area of the small intestine?

A

600 x

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8
Q

what are the surface area modifications to the small intestine?

A

plicae circularis
villi
microvilli

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9
Q

what is the common name for plicae circularis?

A

circular folds

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10
Q

what are the villi of the sm intestine?

A

folds of the mucosa

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11
Q

what do the villi contain?

A

capillaries and lacteals

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12
Q

what are lacteals?

A

dead end lymph vessels that absorb water fluid from intestines to the great lymph vessels

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13
Q

what are microvilli of the sm intestine?

A

folds of cell membrane of absorptive cells on the villi

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14
Q

what are the cells of the duodenum?

A

absorptive cells
goblet cells
endocrine cells
granular cells

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15
Q

what is the fn of the absorptive cells of the duodenum?

A

produce digestive enzymes and absorb digested food

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16
Q

what specialized membrane do the absorptive cells of the duodenum have?

A

microvilli

17
Q

what is the fn of goblet cells in the duodenum?

A

produce protective mucus

18
Q

what is the fn of endocrine cells of the duodenum?

A

produce regulatory hormones

19
Q

what cells of the duodenum produce digestive enzymes and absorb digested food?

A

absorptive cells

20
Q

what is the fn of the granular cells of the duodenum?

A

may help protect from bacteria

21
Q

what are the two types of glands in the duodenum?

A

intestinal glands

duodenal glands

22
Q

what are the intestinal glands and where are they located?

A

tubular glands in mucosa at the base of villi

23
Q

what are the duodenal glands and where are they located?

A

tubular mucus glands of the submucosa, open into the base of the intestinal gland

24
Q

what are the changes in the sm intestine further away from the stomach?

A 
gradual decrease in diameter
gradual decrease in thickness of intestinal wall
decrease in # of circular folds
decrease in # of villi
increase in goblet cells
25
Q

the major site of nutrient absorption in the sm intestines is in the

A

jejunum and ileum

26
Q

what are Peyer’s patches?

A

lymphatic nodules

27
Q

where are Peyer’s patches located?

A

mucosa

submucosa

28
Q

what is the ileocecal jnct?

A

where ileum meets lg intestine

29
Q

what sphincters are located at the ileocecal jct?

A

ileocecal sphincter

ileocecal valve

30
Q

what stimulates the duodenal glands?

A

vagus nerve stimulation
secretin
chemical or tactile irritation of duodenal mucosa

31
Q

what 4 things are secreted by the small intestines?

A 
mucus
digestive enzymes:
disacharidases
peptidases
nucleses
32
Q

what is the fn of the mucus of the sm intestines?

A

protects against digestive enzymes and stomach acids

lubricant

33
Q

where are the digestive enzymes of the sm intestine located?

A

bound to the membranes of the absorptive cells

34
Q

what type of digestive enzyme breaks down disacharides to monosaccharides (ex maltose to glucose)?

A

disaccharidases

35
Q

what do disaccharidases do?

A

break down disaccharides to monosaccharides

36
Q

what do peptidases do?

A

hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins

37
Q

what do nucleases do?

A

bread down nucleic acids

38
Q

what type of digestive enzyme breads down nucleic acids?

A

nucleases

39
Q

what type of digestive enzyme hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins?

A

peptidase

Bio 364 Exam 4 Ch. 24 (6 decks)

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