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604 EX 2 > 2.4.9 B-cell immunity > Flashcards

2.4.9 B-cell immunity Flashcards

1
Q

_____ is the important IL in the activation of B-cells (which now proliferate) and IL-____(2) play a role in differentiation of B-cells to plasma cells

A

IL4
-IL6, IL10

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2
Q

what are some major differences between resting B cell and plasma cell? (IgG, MHCII, Ig secretion)

A

Resting B:
- YES surface Ig
-YES surface MHCII
- NO high rate Ig secretion

Plasma cell
- NO surface Ig
-NO surface MHCII
- YES high rate Ig secretion

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3
Q

Naive T-cell recognizes _____ antigen and searches for specific antigen presented by ______ before it can start proliferating.

Naive B-cell recognizes _____ antigen and searches for specific antigen presented by ______ before it can start proliferating.

A
  1. Processed antigen, dendritic cell (hematopoietic origin)
  2. naive part of antigen, FDC (not hematopoietic origin)
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4
Q

does FDC process antigen?

A

NO

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5
Q

_____ covers virus particles due to complement activation, CR1 on FDC can now bind the virus and retain it at the cells surface.

A

C3b

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6
Q

C3b can be cleaved by ____ into ____ which can then bind to CR2 on FDC

A

Factor 1 cleavage
C3d

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7
Q

In the lymph node, the B-cell and TfH CD4+ T-cell will interact. Where can they go?

A
  1. medullar cords and B-cells differentiate into plasma cells
  2. back to primary follicle where the B-cells actively divide to form a germinal center
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8
Q

_______ in the __ region of the antibody molecule happens in the germinal center and results in Antibodies with high affinity

A

somatic hypermutation
V region

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9
Q

B-cells with high affinity ________
B-cells with low affinity __________

A
  1. can interact with antigen on FDC and T-helper at the same time, then differentiate into plasma cells
  2. die by apoptosis
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10
Q

Apoptotic cells engulfed by macrophages in the Germinal center are called _____

A

tingible body macrophages

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11
Q

explain the difference of B-cells that mature under the influence of IL10 Tfh cells vs IL4 Tfh Cells

A
  • IL10 secreting Tfh
    causes b-cell to differentiate into plasma cells that make antibodies

-IL4 secreting Tfh
causes B-cells to differentiate into memory B-cells which prevents future infections

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12
Q

what must the antigen be like for there to be T-independent response?

A

antigen consists of repetitive epitopes (lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides)

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13
Q

Is there usually class switching in T-independent response?

A

NO, mainly only IgM associated with B1 cells

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14
Q

why do T-independent responses only have IgM ?

A

class-switching requires T-cell help

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15
Q

the majority of antigens we encounter are _______, which results in _____ involving _____ cells

A

T-dependent antigens
class switching
B2 cells

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16
Q

In T-dependent responses what effect can these different cytokines have?
1. IL4
2. TGF-Beta

A
  1. induces IgE production
  2. class switching to IgA
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17
Q

IgM usually exists as a ______ and is found in the _______ defending against ______

A
  • pentamer
  • blood
  • bloodborne pathogens
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18
Q

what are the polymeric antibodies that have J chains?

A

IgA and IgM

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19
Q

_____ is the major antibody class in blood and is the only class to cross the placenta

A

IgG

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20
Q

what are the 2 different IgG subclasses we need to know?

A

IgG1 - proteins - induce IgG1 response
IgG2 - polysaccharides - induce IgG2 response

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21
Q

what is the half life of IgG?

A

1 month

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22
Q

_______ responds to protein antigens while ______ responds to carbohydrate antigens

A

IgG1
IgG2

23
Q

what happens in an in utero infection?

A

fetus can make IgM and IgG

24
Q

there is a ______ receptor on the endothelial cell that binds to IgG that can then bring it to the extracellular space

A

FcRn

25
Q

what is the IgD function?

A

there is none we know of

26
Q

what is the IgE funtion?

A

associated with allergic reactions and important in parasitic infections

27
Q

IgE can attach to ________ and also activate ______

A

-mast cells/basophils
-eosinophils

28
Q

IgE helps _____ bind to parasite with _____ which then kills the parasite

A

eosinophils, Fc sigma RI

29
Q

_____ is the major antibody class in external secretions. it also protects mucosal surfaces

A

IgA

30
Q

IgA produced by plasma cells are a ______

A

dimer with J chain

31
Q

IgA in blood are a ______

A

monomer without J chain

32
Q

there is a ________ expressed on epithelial cells for IgA to be released out

A

Ig / J chain receptor

33
Q

what happens in peoples bodies who cant make IgA?

A

many more IgMs because that is the other Ig that has J chain

34
Q

The secretory component (SC) plays a large role in _____

A

active transport of IgA out

35
Q

what Ig is found in saliva? in gingival exudate?

A

-S-IgA
-IgG

36
Q

what is the ratio of IgA to IgG in saliva?

A

19:1

37
Q

do patients with periodontitis have more IgG or IgA?

A

IgG

38
Q

_______ can degrade S-IgA1 and make it non-functional

A

IgA protease
(oral pathogens can produce this)

39
Q

which Igs can do these:
1. Neutralization
2. Opsonization
3. Sensitization for killing by NK
4. Sensitization of mast cells
5. activate complement system

A
  1. G, A
  2. G
  3. G
  4. E
  5. M,G
40
Q

________ clump bacteria and enhance their removal (usually IgM)

A

agglutinins

41
Q

______ enhance phagocytosis ; antibody coated microbes attach to Fc receptor on phagocytic cells (IgG most often)

A

opsonins

42
Q

what else can be involved in opsonization? (its part of complement activation)

A

C3b

43
Q

what two things can both be activated and result in an enhanced ability to do phagocytosis?

A

Fc receptor and C3b receptor

44
Q

________ antibodies are Abs that neutralize viruses or bacterial toxins (IgG or IgA)

A

neutralizing antibodies

45
Q

what are 2 examples of actions of neutralizing antibodies?

A
  • antibody protects cell by blocking binding of a toxin
  • antibody blocks binding to virus receptor and an block fusion event
46
Q

_____ cause disruption of cell membrane and can activate complement system (IgG and IgM)

A

Lysins

47
Q

______ antibodies prevent attachment of microbes to cells or hard surfaces (ex: S-IgA prevents bacteria from adhering to teeth)

A

Anti-adherance antibodies

48
Q

______ plays a role in bringing IgG across the placenta and from blood –> tissue

A

FCRN

49
Q

what is antibody dependent cell toxicity? (ADCC)

A
  1. antibody binds antigens
  2. Fc receptors on NK cells recognize bound antibody
  3. cross-linking of Fc-gamma-R3 - NK kills the target cell
50
Q

In ADCC what is the other name for Fc-gamma-R3

A

CD16

51
Q

_______ is used as part of targeted therapy in treating patients with B-cell leukemias and lymphomas

A

anti-CD20

52
Q

______ tightly adheres to IgE antibody. this receptor is expressed by mast cells, basophils, and activated eosinophils

A

Fc-epsilon-R1

53
Q

does IgE in blood have a long or short half life?

A

SHORT

54
Q

How do RBC facilitate removal of immune complexes from circulation?

A
  1. antigen/antibody complex forms & activates complement
  2. immune complex coated with C3b
  3. CR1 (Fc-gamma-R1) on RBC binds C3b tagged immune complex
  4. RBC goes to liver/spleen and organs strip immune complexes and ingest/destroy them

604 EX 2 (5 decks)

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