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604 EX 2 > 2.2.7 T-cell mediated immunity > Flashcards

2.2.7 T-cell mediated immunity Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ cell is the most important in primary response

A

dendritic

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2
Q

when T-cells leave the thymus what are they considered?

A

mature Naive

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3
Q

______ have encountered antigen and are ready to act

A

Effector T-cells

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4
Q

Which Effector T-cell deals with pathogens in the cytosol, and recognizes MHC1?

A

Cytotoxic CD8

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5
Q

Which Effector T-cell deals with pathogens in macrophage vesicles, and recognizes MHC2

A

CD4 / THC1

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6
Q

what is the effector activation of CD8? CD4?

A

CD8: apoptosis
CD4: cytokines

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7
Q

can an alpha/beta t-cell bind without a MHC?

A

no!

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8
Q

Class 1 molecules (HLA-A,B,C) are found on what cells?

A

all nucleated EXCEPT RBC!!

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9
Q

where are class II molecules found?

A

APCs

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10
Q

APCs express what MHC?

A

MHC1 and MHC2

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11
Q

_____ are immature dendritic cells. What can they do and not do?

A

Langerhan’s cells
They CAN process, they CANT present antigens

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12
Q

When a Langerhan cell reaches the lymph node it can transform to a ______ which can _____

A

mature dendrite, can present but NOT process

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13
Q

Where do mature/naive cells travel/interact with antigen?

A

mature/naive cells leave thymus –> enter lymph node –> encounter antigen on dendrite

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14
Q

what are the 2 ways naive T-cells can enter the lymph node?

A
  1. High endothelial venules (HEV)
  2. Lymphatics
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15
Q

How do T-cells interact with endothelium cells in the blood?

A

via adhesion molecules

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16
Q

where are adhesion molecules expressed? what are they called?

A

on both T-cells and endothelium cells
- LFA-1 on T-cell, ICA-1 on endothelium

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17
Q

what happens once LFA-1 and ICAM-1 interact?

A

diapedesis, lymphocyte can enter lymph node

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18
Q

If a TCR does recognize an antigen, there is a conformational change that causes what to happen?

A

LFA-1 to bind tighter to ICAM-1, prolongs cell-cell contact

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19
Q

what are the 2 signals involved in the activation of T-cells?

A
  1. MHC and TCR co-receptors
  2. co-stimulators (B7 on APC, CD28 on T-cell)
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20
Q

Costimulatory signal + specific signal = _____
Specific signal alone = _____
Costimulatory signal alone = ______

A
  • Activated T-cell
  • Anergic T-cell
  • No effect
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21
Q

If T-cell recognized self antigen, it would become what?

A

anergic

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22
Q

once a T-cell becomes anergic can it ever revert back to normal?

A

NO

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23
Q

If T-cell cant find the appropriate antigen in the Thymus, it does what?

A

leaves by efferent vessel

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24
Q

Naive T-cells that encounter their antigen will become _____

A

effector T-cells or memory t-cells

25
Q

what is the role of IL-2 in T-cell activation?

A
  • activated T-cells express high affinity IL-2 receptor (with gamma, beta and alpha)
  • Activated T-cell secretes IL-2
  • IL2 binds to IL2 receptor and sends a signal to T-cell
  • this induces proliferation
26
Q

completed IL2 receptor with gamma, beta, and alpha is called what?

A

CD25

27
Q

cytokines can have what kinds of effects?

A

autocrine, paracrine, endocrine

28
Q

what kinds of effects can interleukins have?

A

Redundant (different ILs have same effect)
Synergic
Antagonistic

29
Q

What different subsets do CD4 T-cells have?

A

TH1, TH2

30
Q

what does CD4-TH1 play a role in?

A

cell mediated immune response

31
Q

what does CD4-TH2 play a role in?

A

providing cytokines to activate B-cells

32
Q

what types of cytokines are present in TH1?

A

IL2, gamma interferon

33
Q

what types of cytokines are present in TH1?

A

IL2, IFN-gamma

34
Q

what types of cytokines are present in TH2?

A

IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL13

35
Q

TH1 interferons are inhibited by _____

A

TH2 interferons (IL4, IL10)

36
Q

TH2 interferons are inhibited by _____

A

TH1 interferons (IL12, gamma IF)

37
Q

TH1 responds to _____ pathogens while TH2 responds to _____ pathogens

A

1- Intracellular
2- Extracellular

38
Q

TGF-B results in what kind of cell?

A

T- regulatory cell that expresses FoxP3

39
Q

the 4th kind of T-cell is _____

A

Th17

40
Q

what are the 5 kinds of T-cells we need to know?

A

TH1, TH2, TFH, TH17, Treg

41
Q

TH2 and TFH cells both have which cytokine in common?

A

IL4

42
Q

what is the major difference between TH2 and THF cells?

A
  • TH2 cells leave the lymph node as an effector cell
    -TFH cells go to B cell area
43
Q

How does TH1 cell work?

A
  • TH1 cell + MHC II on macrophage
  • T-cell activates macrophage
  • t-cell releases gamma interferon, this further activates macrophage to kill intracellular bacteria
44
Q

how are tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy different?

A

Tuberculoid:
- LOW infectivity
-granulomas and local inflammation
normal t-cell responsiveness

Lepromatous:
- HIGH infectivity
-disseminated infection, bone, cartilage, nerve damage
- Hypergammaglobulinemia

45
Q

which 2 are the pro-inflammatory cytokines?

A

IFN-alpha, IL-2

along with IL6,IL8,IL12, IL17, IL1

46
Q

______ is known as a chemokine

A

IL8

47
Q

_____ may play a role in bone resorption

A

IL1

48
Q

Dendritic cells can activate naive CD8 cells via _______ as co-stimulatory signal

A

B7-CD28

49
Q

After Cd28 and B7 bind, activated CD8+ T-cells can produce ______

A

IL2s

50
Q

stimulation of naive CD8 T-cells by APC can result in ______

A

proliferation of cells and subsequent effector cells

51
Q

what is missing on CD8 effector cells?

A

B7 and CD28. No co-stimulatory factors are required

52
Q

what are the effector cells that CD8 T-cells secrete to cause apoptosis?

A

Perforin, Granzymes, and granulysin

53
Q

_______ is a protein CD8 uses to form a pore in the target membrane

A

Perforin

54
Q

how is perforin different from MAC?

A

causes a pore but doesn’t cause cell lysis, pore allows proteins in (ex: granzyme)

55
Q

____ are serine proteases that CD8 use to drive a target cell into apoptosis

A

Granzyme

56
Q

Why not lyse a cell that is intracellularly infected?

A

if we lyse it, the bacteria would escape, we dont want that

57
Q

_____ cells also use Perforin and release granozymes. The difference is that this cell has a non-specific function

A

NK

58
Q

once the CD8+ T-cell destroys a target, can it kill another cell?

A

Yes! it can regenerate granules and kill more cells

59
Q

Summary: what cytokines do TH1, TH2, TFH, TH17 and Treg produce?

A

TH1: IFN-gamma, IL2
TH2: IL4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-6
TFH: IL4, IL6
TH17: IL-17
Treg: TGF-B, IL-10

604 EX 2 (5 decks)

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