2.4 Motivation & Demotivation Flashcards
What is intrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic motivation is when employees get motivated/satisfied from their work since the success of the business is a result of something they have done
What is extrinsic motivation?
Extrinsic motivation is motivation that comes from outside the employee, such as pay
What are the motivational theories?
-Frederick Winslow taylor
-Abraham Maslow
-Frederick Herzberg
-McClelland’s acquired needs theory
-Deci & Ryan’s self determination theory
-Equity theory & Expectancy theory
What is Frederick Winslow Taylor’s theory?
His theory is about maximising output
-His ideas on management attempted to apply scientific methods of measurement under controlled circumstances to maximise output
What is Abraham Maslow’s theory?
-It is the hierarchy of human needs
-Basic, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self actualisation
-Once the first four needs are met they no longer cause anxiety. The remaining needs are growth needs which initially get fulfilled but never go away
-He argued that once a need is satisfied, providing more of that need will not motivate an employee
What is Fredrick Herzberg’s theory?
-Fredrick Herzberg theory argued that motivation was based on 2 needs: hygiene & motivational needs
-Hygiene needs cause dissatisfaction if not met, but if met they do not cause motivation
-Motivational needs are those that get you working because there is a reward
What is McClelland’s acquired needs theory?
-He argued that humans have three needs: achievement, affiliation & power
-Achievement needs motivates employees by their success being related to their hard work
-Affiliation needs refers to employees getting motivated by the creation or maintenance of social relationships
-Power needs refer to employees getting motivated by encouraging or teaching others
What is Deci & Ryan’s self-determination theory?
-They argued that 2 types of motivations exist: autonomous & controlled
-Autonomous motivation occurs when an employee has full sense of power and choice in what they do
-Controlled motivation refers to when an employee gets motivated by doing something to get a reward or avoid punishment
-They also argued that humans have 3 needs that relate to motivation: competence, relatedness & autonomy
-Competence refers when individuals feel competent and therefore get motivated for doing something well & develop the confidence to take on challenges
-Relatedness refers to when individuals need to feel connected to others, by caring and by being cared for
-Autonomy refers to when individuals do better because they have a sense of control over what they are doing
What is the Equity & Expectancy theory?
-The Equity theory argues that workers will get motivated when their outputs are more than their inputs and vice versa
-The expectancy theory argues that employees are motivated when they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance which will be rewarded
What is labour turnover?
Labour turnover refers to the movement of employees into and out of a business over a given period
Labour turnover formula…
Labour turnover=
(number of staff/avg number of staff employed)x100
