2.4 metabolism in conformers and regulators Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What do external factors affect?

A

the ability of an organism to maintain its metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

give 3 examples of abiotic factors

A
  • temperature
  • salinity
  • pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a conformer?

A

an organism who’s internal environment is directly dependant upon its external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do conformers maintain optimum metabolic rate?

A

behavioural responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of being a conformer

A

advantage->low metabolic costs

disadvantage->narrow range of ecological niches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do behavioural responses allow conformers to do?

A

allow them to tolerate variation in their external environment to maintain optimum metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a regulator?

A

an organism which maintains their internal environment regardless of the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give one advantage and one disadvantage to being a regulator

A

advantage -> larger range of possible ecological niches

disadvantage -> high metabolic costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the temperature monitoring centre of the mammalian brain?

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of nerves?

A

information is communicated by electrical impulses through nerves to the effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of effectors and what are they?

A
  • parts of the body such as muscles or glands that respond to messages
  • bring about corrective responses to return conditions to their optimum.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of sweating in response to an increase in body temperature?

A

body heat is used to evaporate the water in the sweat, cooling the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of vasodilation in response to an increase in body temperature?

A

skin arterioles become dilated (wider) allowing an increased volume of of blood to flow through the capillaries on the skin surface, increasing heat loss by evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of decreased metabolic rate in response to an increase in body temperature?

A

less heat produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of shivering in response to a decrease in body temperature?

A

muscle contraction generates heat

(no other card) sweat glands reduce sweat production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of vasoconstriction in response to a decrease in body temperature?

A

skin arterioles become constricted (narrower) reducing the volume of blood that flows through the capillaries on the skin surface, so less heat is lost by radiation

17
Q

What is the role of the hair erector muscles contracting in response to a decrease in body temperature?

A

trap air, providing insulation and reducing heat loss

18
Q

What is the role of increased metabolic rate in response to a decrease in body temperature?

A

more heat produced

19
Q

What is the importance of thermoregulation?

A

-for optimal enzyme activity
-high diffusion rates
maintaining these contributes towards the ability to maintain high metabolic activity

20
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

the use of physiological mechanisms to maintain internal body conditions at optimum levels

21
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

the control mechanism by which homeostasis is achieved

22
Q

What are receptors?

A

special cells that constantly monitor the internal environment and detect changes

23
Q

What happens if a change from the optimum is detected?

A

a corrective mechanism is switched on and messages are sent to the effectors

24
Q

What are two ways that messages can travel in the body?

A
  • nerve impulse

- hormones

25
Q

give a description of negative feedback control

A
  • any change in a condition from the optimum is detected by receptors
  • that switch on a corrective mechanism to restore the conditions to normal.
  • The corrective mechanism is then switched off
26
Q

What is a thermoregulator?

A

mammals have a homeostatic mechanism to regulate their body temperature.

27
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A
  • the temperature-monitoring centre
  • It sends out electrical impulses through nerves to effectors, skin and body muscles which bring about corrective responses to return temperature to normal
28
Q

What happens if the body temperature increases above normal?

A
  • thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this increase
  • send electrical impulses through nerves to effectors
  • to bring around corrective responses
29
Q

What happens if the body temperature decreases below normal

A

the thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this decrease and send electrical impulses through nerves to effectors to bring around corrective responses

30
Q

What are thermoreceptors?

A

heat-sensitive cells in the hypothalamus of mammals

31
Q

What do regulators use metabolism for?

A

to control their internal environment, increasing their range of possible ecological niches

32
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

the use of physiological mechanisms to maintain internal body conditions at optimum levels

33
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

the maintenance of a constant internal temperature

34
Q

What does negative feedback use corrective responses for?

A

to reverse changes in internal temperature to return temperature to normal

35
Q

What happens to regulators when the external environment varies beyond tolerable limits for normal metabolic activity?

A

they are unable to maintain their internal environment