(24 Marker) Using Conditioning Techniques To Control Behavior Of Children Flashcards
Why do the Supernanny’s techniques work well at home?
> naughty step —> as an effective way for negative reinforcement as shouting may be positive (attention)
> structure, routine and boundaries.
What did Gill (1998) find that supports using conditioning techniques at home?
Chore Completion:
>Payment of pocket money = positive
> Postponement of money = negative
=effective as children ended up performing 20% of the household chores.
What did Campbell and Lutzer find that supports using conditioning techniques at home?
Functional Equivalence training =
virtually eliminated tantrum and property destruction in an 8 year old autism, also improved his communication skills.
What did Morris claim against the use of the naughty step?
> It can have long-term emotional effects.
-Children do not have the same ability to reflect on their behaviour and verbalise like adults.
> The consistency and effectiveness is difficult for full-time parent, it’s stressful and difficult to remain consistent.
What did Alfie Kohn criticise about the behavioural techniques used in Supernanny?
> Do not address the actual underlying issues = why the child behaves the way they do.
> Questions whether it works long term.
> Negative effects.
What did McAllister et al look at?
Inappropriate talking in a high school English classes and found an increase in praise and disapproval lead to a decrease in inappropriate talking.
How did Le Francois suggest that classical conditioning could be used in schools?
Improve student performance =
>increase positive stimuli
>decrease negative stimuli
= students have a more positive feeling of their work environment.
Filcheck et al found conditioning techniques were successful in schools, explain:
Lead to a decrease in inappropriate behaviour in pre-school children described as ‘out of control’ by using token economy as positive reinforcement.
Why are rewards seen as a negative when used in schools?
Montessori education believe that rewards and punishments are harm as they interfere with a child’s internal drive to learn.
Supported by Lepper et al’s research (nursery children drawing pictures)
Kohn states that rewards actually cause people to lose interest in whatever they were being rewarded for doing.
Are there examples of countries that successfully control behaviour without conditioning techniques?
Lewis found that very little use of reward systems or praise was rarely used and children appeared internally motivated in schools in Japan.
How do peer groups affect behaviour in a positive way?
Use of positive and negative sanctions leads to socially acceptable behaviour in small peer groups.
How do peer groups affect behaviour in a negative way?
Bricker et al found children as young as 10 started smoking showing the peer group can be harmful.
How does Lovaas’s research show that conditioning techniques can be positive in controlling the behaviour of vulnerable children?
Developed applied behaviour analysis to increase the frequency and quality of social interactions for children with autistic spectrum disorder.
One to one therapy (slowly reducing positive reinforcement) can help children learn important life skills in communications and independence.
How can token economies can improve behaviour in vulnerable children?
Robinson et al showed it helped improrved performance in reading and vocabulary related tasks of children with hyperactivity issues.
How can Soares et al show how positive reinforcement can improve behaviour in vulnerable groups?
Research showed that the use of self-monitoring activities with rewards (pictures and animation) decreased self-injurious behaviour and improve academic work in a student and boy with Asperger syndrome.
