2.4 - How is the CFTR protein made? Flashcards
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
- RNA is a single stranded polynucleotide
- Bases contain ribose sugar, not deoxyribose
- Uracil replaces Thymine
What is the makeup of a nucleotide?
- Organic base
- Deoxyribose pentose sugar
- Phosphate group
Why is RNA called MRNA?
It carrues the code from the DNA to the cytoplasm where it is used in protein synthesis
What happens in transcription?
- RNA polymerase attaches to DNA
- DNA unwinds
- Sequence on template strand transcribed to produce RNA with same code as coding strand
- RNA nucleotides position themselves, phosphodiester bonds form to form mRNA molecule
What are the sense and antisense strands?
- Coding strand is sense strand.
- Template strand is antisense strand
- This is because when transcribed, the mRNA has the same sequence as sense
What words describe DNA?
- Triplet code
- Non-overlapping
- Degenerate
What does non overlapping mean?
Each triplet code is adjacent and codes for only one amino acid
What does degenerate mean?
Several triplet codes can give rise to one amino acid
What is the structure of tRNA?
Base pairing means they fold into a clover shape
What is an anticodon?
tRNA molecules have an anticodon which is complementary to mRNA and binds at the ribosome
What is the role of the ribosome in translation?
It holds the mRNA, tRNAs, amino acids in place whilst a peptide bond forms
How does a peptide bond form?
Condensation reaction between amine group of one amino acid and carboxylic acid group of the next
