2.4 - How is the CFTR protein made? Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

A
  • RNA is a single stranded polynucleotide
  • Bases contain ribose sugar, not deoxyribose
  • Uracil replaces Thymine
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2
Q

What is the makeup of a nucleotide?

A
  • Organic base
  • Deoxyribose pentose sugar
  • Phosphate group
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3
Q

Why is RNA called MRNA?

A

It carrues the code from the DNA to the cytoplasm where it is used in protein synthesis

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4
Q

What happens in transcription?

A
  • RNA polymerase attaches to DNA
  • DNA unwinds
  • Sequence on template strand transcribed to produce RNA with same code as coding strand
  • RNA nucleotides position themselves, phosphodiester bonds form to form mRNA molecule
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5
Q

What are the sense and antisense strands?

A
  • Coding strand is sense strand.
  • Template strand is antisense strand
  • This is because when transcribed, the mRNA has the same sequence as sense
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6
Q

What words describe DNA?

A
  • Triplet code
  • Non-overlapping
  • Degenerate
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7
Q

What does non overlapping mean?

A

Each triplet code is adjacent and codes for only one amino acid

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8
Q

What does degenerate mean?

A

Several triplet codes can give rise to one amino acid

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9
Q

What is the structure of tRNA?

A

Base pairing means they fold into a clover shape

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10
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

tRNA molecules have an anticodon which is complementary to mRNA and binds at the ribosome

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11
Q

What is the role of the ribosome in translation?

A

It holds the mRNA, tRNAs, amino acids in place whilst a peptide bond forms

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12
Q

How does a peptide bond form?

A

Condensation reaction between amine group of one amino acid and carboxylic acid group of the next

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