Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology - Topic 2 Genes and Health > 2.1 - The Effects of CF on the Lungs > Flashcards

2.1 - The Effects of CF on the Lungs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What tube is responsible for allowing air to be drawn into the lungs?

A

The Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the bronchi?

A

The trachea divides into two bronchi, carrying air to and from each lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the narrow tubes that make up most of the lung network called?

A

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the site of gaseous exchange?

A

The Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What produces mucus?

A

Goblet cells in the walls of the airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of mucus?

A

To trap any dust, debris or microorganisms in the airways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is mucus removed?

A

By the wave-like beating of cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are cilia found?

A

They cover the epithelial cells, which line the tubes of the gas exchange system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is different about CF mucus?

A

It contains less water than usual, meaning it is sticky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is wrong with having sticky mucus?

A

It makes it very difficult for it to be removed by the cilia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two major health problems caused by having sticky mucus?

A
  • Increases chances of lung infection

- Makes gas exchange less efficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What holds the epithelial lining cells in position in the airways?

A

Basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are epithelial cells found?

A

They line cavities and tubes and cover the surface of organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tissue called that is made up of epithelial cells?

A

Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the basement membrane made of?

A

Protein fibres in a carbohydrate matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the membrane surface of an epithelial cell called that touches the basement membrane?

A

The Basal membrane

17
Q

What is the membrane surface of an epithelial cell called that faces away from the basement layer?

A

The apical membrane

18
Q

What is the epithelium called in the walls of alveoli and capillaries?

A

Squamous (or pavement) epithelium

19
Q

In which direction does the apical membrane face in capillaries?

A

Towards the lumen

20
Q

What are epithelial cells called in the small intestine?

A

They extend further out from the basement membrane and are columnar epithelium

21
Q

What is the surface of columnar epithelium in the small intestine like?

A

It has microvilli to increase surface area

22
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated epithelial cells

23
Q

Why does there appear to be more than one layer of epithelium in the airways?

A

Some of the cells have nuclei in different locations

24
Q

How do we remove pathogens from the body?

A

Cilia move pathogens within the mucus to the back of the throat, where they are either coughed out or swallowed and killed by stomach acid

25
Q

Why are there lots of bacteria in CF lungs?

A

Mucus builds up into several layers and contains little oxygen as it diffuses slowly through mucus and the surrounding epithelial cells use more oxygen. Bacteria thrive in anaerobic conditions

26
Q

Why do white blood cells also cause problems for CF victims?

A

The white blood cells fight infections but also break down and release DNA, making mucus stickier.

27
Q

What properties make the alveoli suitable gas exchange surfaces?

A
  • Large surface area
  • Rich blood supply
  • Thin walls means short diffusion pathway
28
Q

What is Fick’s Law?

A

Rate of Diffusion is proportional to (S.A x Concentration gradient / diffusion pathway)

29
Q

How does sticky mucus effect gas exchange?

A

It blocks narrow airways and prevents movement of air into the alveoli beyond the blockage.

30
Q

Why does blocking branches of alveoli reduce exchange?

A

It reduces the number of alveoli providing a surface for exchange

31
Q

Why can blockages be problematic other than reducing exchange surface?

A

They often allow air to flow through but not back out, causing over-inflation of lungs.

32
Q

Why is over-inflation a problem?

A

It damages lung elestacity

33
Q

Why do CF people find physical activity difficult?

A

Their exchange system cannot deliver enough oxygen to the muscle cells

34
Q

Why is oxygen needed for exercise?

A

It is used in the chemical process of aerobic respiration which releases the energy used to initiate contraction.

Biology - Topic 2 Genes and Health (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions