2.4 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus houses the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression.
What is the role of the nucleolus?
The nucleolus is responsible for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome assembly.
Describe the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
The RER is studded with ribosomes, facilitating protein synthesis and modification, and is involved in transporting proteins to the Golgi apparatus.
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
The SER synthesizes lipids, detoxifies harmful substances, and stores calcium ions.
What role does the Golgi apparatus play in the cell?
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
What are lysosomes and their primary function?
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Describe the structure and function of mitochondria.
Mitochondria have a double membrane with an inner folded membrane (cristae) that increases surface area for ATP production through aerobic respiration.
What is the purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using chlorophyll.
Define the function of the plasma membrane.
The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell and facilitates communication with other cells.
What is the cytoskeleton, and what are its main components?
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support, facilitates cell movement, and aids in intracellular transport. Main components include microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
What are ribosomes and their function in the cell?
Ribosomes are molecular machines made of RNA and proteins that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).
How do plant and animal cells differ in structure?
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles, while animal cells have centrioles and smaller vacuoles.
What is the function of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?
Vacuoles store substances such as nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
Describe the function of the cell wall in plant cells.
The cell wall provides structural support, protection, and helps maintain cell shape, made primarily of cellulose.
What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model?
The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane structure as a dynamic arrangement of various proteins and lipids, allowing flexibility and movement.
