2.4 enzymes Flashcards
what is an enzyme?
a biological catalyst
what is an enzyme made from?
proteins
how do enzymes speed up reactions?
they lower the activation energy required for a reaction
lipase digests - into
lipids, fatty acids and glycerol
amylase digests - into
starch, maltose
protease digests - into
proteins, amino acids
all enzymes are - proteins
globular
enzymes are all
catalysts
enzymes all have
specific active sites
enzyme activity is affected by
temperature and pH
enzymes regulate metabolic reactions at a
cellular level
enzymes can influence the - and - of the whole organism
structure, function
intracellular enzymes catalyse reactions
within cells
extracellular enzymes catalyse reactions
outside of cells
catalase is an - found in - (liver cells)
intracellular, hepatocytes
catalase detoxifies - into water and -
hydrogen peroxide, oxygen
activation energy is
the energy required to break the original bonds so that a reaction can proceed
what is the current accepted hypothesis
induced fit hypothesis
what is the theory of the induced fit hypothesis
the enzyme changes it’s active site slightly to achieve a better fit
describe Brownian Motion
molecules in solution move randomly and continuously
heat increases the
kinetic energy and ROR
increased kinetic energy leads to…
- more frequent collisions
- more successful collisions
when it’s too hot, which bonds in enzymes break first
H bonds and ionic bonds
when it’s too hot, which structure of the protein breaks
tertiary
when it’s too hot, the active site loses
its 3D conformational shape
