2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Question 1

What is a Chemical Reaction?

Answer 1

a process that changes of transforms one set of chemicals into another

Question 2

During chemical reactions:

Answer 2

energy and mass are conserved

Question 3

What are Reactants:

Answer 3

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Question 4

What are Products:

Answer 4

elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions

Question 5

How do chemical bonds change in a chemical reaction?

Answer 5

bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearranged to form new bonds to make new products

Question 6

Example of chemical reaction in blood stream:

Answer 6

Co2 reactes with water to produce carbonic acid (H2CO3) which is highly soluble sothe blood can carry CO2 to the lungs to then be reversed to exhale

Question 7

Chemical reactions that occur spontaneusly:

Answer 7

release energy

Question 8

Chemical reactions that occur with a source of energy:

Answer 8

absorb energy

Question 9

What is activation energy

Answer 9

the energy that is needed to get a reaction started

Question 10

What are Enzymes?

Answer 10

proteins that act as biological catalysts

Question 11

What is a catalyst?

Answer 11

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and lowers the temp needed for the chemical reaction to occur

Question 12

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells by:

Answer 12

lowering the activiation energies

Ex: carbonic anhydrase makes the reaction to produce carbonic acid happen immediatley, so Co2 does not build up in the body

Question 13

What are substrates?

Answer 13

reactants of enzymes-catalyzed reactions

Question 14

Substates bind to:

Answer 14

the active site on an enzyme (they are complementary, like a lock and key)

Question 15

What effects the activity of enzymes?

Answer 15

Temp, pH, regulatory molecules

Question 16

What is oxidation?

Answer 16

the combining of oxygen with another material

can be as slow as rusting or as fast as buring

Question 17

Enzymes let chemical reactions take place:

Answer 17

at a much lower temperature (38 degrees celcuis or 98.6 degrees farenheit)

Question 18

Enzymes are:

Answer 18

sustrate specific; bind with only specific substrate

Question 19

How does temp effect enzymes?

Answer 19

too low: slow reaction, too high: change shape of enzyme

pH also critical: wrong pH can change shape of enzyme

Question 20

What pH levels do enzymes work in?

Answer 20

some work well in high pH, some neutral, some basic

Question 21

Oxidation happens in:

Answer 21

living things (give off heat)

Question 22

Exothermic reactions:

Answer 22

release energy

Question 23

Endothermic reactions:

Answer 23

absorb energy

Question 24

Example of enzyme:

Answer 24

amalaze: substrate-starch, product-maltose, happens in mouth and small intestine