2.3 Carbon Compounds Flashcards
What elements does carbon bond with to form the molecules of life?
Hydrogen, oxygen, phosporus, sulfur, nitrogen
What allows carbon to form strong covalent bonds?
4 valence electrons
Carbon has the best——– of any element?
versatility; able to form chains of unlimited length, rings etc.
What are macromolecules?
organic compounds in living cells made from thousands of smaller molecules
macromolecules are formed by the process of:
polymerization; where small compounds, monomers, join together to form polymers
4 Major Groups of Macromolecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, protein
What are carbohydrates?
compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in a ratio of 1:2:1
What are carbohydrates used for:
main source of energy, for structural purposes
What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and polysaccharides
single sugar molecules, like glucose and fructose, make up glycogen or starch
Lipids are:
fats, oils, and waxes, made mostly from carbon and hydrogen
Lipids are used for:
to store energy, importnat for biological membranes and waterproof coverings
What are nucleic acids made froms?
hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosporus,
What are nucleotides?
they make up nucleic acids and contain 3 parts: a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
What are nulceic acids used for?
DNA and RNA, to store and transmit hereditary and genetic info
What are proteins made of?
nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; are polymers of molecules called amino acids
What are proteinds used for?
to control the rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form cell structures, transport substances to and from cells, help fight disease
What are amino acids made of?
amio group and carboxyl group create covalent bond, forming a polypeptide
Ammonia (1 nitrogen and 3 hydrogen
C6 H12 O6 is what?
glucose, blood sugar
Organic chemistry:
the study of carbon compounds
Entimology: the study of insects
Valency:
the number of bonds that an atom can make
Nucleic Acids are:
the stuff of life
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid);
contains genetic info, found in the nucleus of living cells
The components of DNA are joined by:
hydrogen and covalent bonds
Nitrogenous base:
Adenine- (joined by hydrogen bond) to Thymine
Cytosine (joined by hydrogen bond) to Guanine
What is the 5 carbon sugar in DNA?
deoxyribose
What is the phosphate group in DNA?
PO4
