2.4 Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards
Organic molecules contain
Carbon and Hydrogen covalently bonded to form hydrocarbons
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
Four
Polymer categories
- Complex carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
Monomer
- Simple sugars
- Fatty Acids
- Amino acids
- Nucleotides
How many amino acids comprise the human body?
20
Carbohydrates ratio
C,H,O in 1:2:1 ratio
Simple sugars aka
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Two covalently bonded monosaccharides
(Ex sucrose)
Complex carbs aka
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharide main categories
Animals:
- Glycogen
Plants:
- Starch (Amylose & Amylopectin)
- Cellulose
We cannot digest
Cellulose (ex. Wood)
Cellulose contains
Alternating beta-glycosidic bonds
Lipid aka
Triglyceride
Saturated fat
Every carbon saturated with hydrogens
Monounsaturated fats
One carbon double bond in the chain
Polyunsaturated fat
Multiple double bonds (kinks) in the chain
Animal fats tend to be
Saturated (solid at room temp)
Unsaturated fats are
Plant fats, often liquid at room temp
Phospholipids
Glycerol molecule and Two fatty acid tails (diglycerides). A polar head group.
Hydrophilic aka
Polar
Hydrophobic aka
Non polar
