2.4. Bicarbonate, Phosphate, and Ammonia Buffer Systems Flashcards
The pK’ of the ammonia buffer system is
9.0
What is a non-bicarbonate buffer that is quantitatively most important in blood?
Hemoglobin
The second most plentiful cation inside cells is normally:
Mg++
The plasma anion gap is normally accounted for by:
Proteins and other organic acids, phosphates, and SO4-
The most common cause of a decrease in the plasma anion gap is
Hypoproteinemia
What cause of metabolic acidosis would not be expected to change the plasma anion gap?
NH4Cl ingestion
The plasma anion gap is a weak tool for estimating the degree of acidosis in the face of a
Hypoproteinemia
What is normally low or absent in urine?
HCO3-
A negative urinary anion gap would be expected with acidosis resulting from what?
Diarrhea
The urinary anion gap can be used to estimate the urinary concentration of
NH4+
The primary cause of hyponatremia in diabetes mellitus is
Hyperglycemia and tissue dehydration
What is usually associated with hyperkalemia?
Intracellular Mg++ deficiency
All of the following are common causes of metabolic alkalosis except
Diarrhea
A patient with metabolic alkalosis and severe volume depletion (following an acute bout of vomiting), might be expected to exhibit any one of the following except
Hyperventilation
T/F
Both metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis may be associated with a kaliuresis
True
Which blood value is best associated with respiratory alkalosis?
Low HCO3-
The net loss of hypotonic fluid from the body (excessive loss of hypotonic urine) results in
Hydropenia
Isotonic dehydration (hemorrhage)
Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, arteriolar vasoconstriction, reduced capillary hydrostatic pressure, enhanced reabsorption pressure
Hypotonic dehydration is associated with
It may occur during heavy exercise if fluid losses are replaced by the drinking of pure water
It may result in an increase in the tonicity of extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment
It may occur due to vomiting or diarrhea
It may occur due to loss of glucose, electrolytes and ketone body anions in the urine of diabetic patients
Overhydration may
result in hemolysis (with consquent appearance of hemoglobin in urine)
