2.4 Flashcards
how is limestone obtained from the ground
quarrying
uses of limestone in the building industry
production of iron/steel
structure of building
uses of limestone in the building industry
mortar
holds bricks or stone blocks together
uses of limestone in the building industry
glass
windows
concrete
roads
limestone to quicklime explanation
limestone is crushed, roasted in a kiln. carbon dioxide is released
limestone to quicklime reaction
heat
limestone (calcium carbonate) —> quicklime (calcium oxide) + carbon dioxide
CaCO3 —> CaO + CO2
quicklime to slakedlime explanation
add water to quicklime.
heat energy is released in the process
quicklime to slakedlime reaction
quicklime (calcium oxide) + water —> slakedlime (calcium hydroxide)
CaO + H2O —> Ca(OH)2
how is cement made
limestone is heated with clay and gypsum
how is mortar made
sand is added to cement and mixed with water
good properties of mortar
strong
cheap
mortar use
holds bricks together
concrete make?
mixing sand cement and stones
property and use of concrete
strong
build whole buildings
how to make glass
sand limestone and calcium carbonate heated
characteristic properties of metals
5
good heat/electrical conductors malleable resistant to corrosion strength hardness
what does it mean to be a good conductor
heat/electricity can travel through them easily
pipes / wires have what two properties?
high melting point
ductile
aluminium 2 properties
light weight
resistant to corrosion
two examples of things made from aluminium
window frames
pans
most polymers are manufactured using…
chemicals attained from crude oil
polymerisation
when are polymers produced?
when many small molecules (monomers) join together to form very large molecules
5 properties of polymers
flexible resistant to corrosion waterproof poor conductors low melting point easy to mould
4 properties of ceramics
hard brittle solids
high melt
resistant to chemical attack
examples of ceramics
(material and examples)
clay and china
tiles plates mugs
what are composites made from
two or more type of material
combine different material’s best properties
composite: reinforced concrete
2 properties
very strong
flexible
composite: use
buildings
composite: reinforced (fibre) glass
2 properties
strong
doesn’t shatter
composite: reinforced fibre glass use
safety windows
3 examples of manufactured construction materials
polymers
ceramics
composites
example of a natural construction material
wood
copper
water pipes
hot water cylinders
why copper?
malleable
high melt point
good conductor
doesn’t react with water
lead
flashing on roofs
why lead?
unreactive
malleable
2 advantages of quarrying
- valuable material
* employment
2 disadvantages of quarrying
- waste, dust, pollution
* spoil landscape
what is formed when calcium carbonate is heated?
calcium oxide (quicklime)
how is slaked lime formed? (calcium hydroxide)
calcium oxide (quicklime) is added to water
limestone can be thermally decomposed to form what?
quicklime (calcium oxide) and carbon dioxide
