23. The tributaries of the superior vena cava. The azygos-hemiazygos system. The lymphatic drainage of the thoracic cavity

Question 1

tributaris of SVC

Answer 1

-SVC: large short vein that carries deoxygenated blood from upper half of body to heart

1.Right Brachiocephalic Vein: Formed by the union of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins.

Left Brachiocephalic Vein: Formed by the union of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins.

Azygos Vein: Drains the thoracic wall and upper lumbar region.

(Other Tributaries:
Internal Thoracic Veins: Drain the anterior chest wall and breasts.
Mediastinal Veins: Drain the contents of the mediastinum.)

Question 2

A-H system

Answer 2

-Azygos Vein:

Origin: Begins in the abdomen as a continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein.

Course: Ascends through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, along the right side of the vertebral column.
Termination: Empties into the SVC.

Tributaries: Right posterior intercostal veins, hemiazygos vein, accessory hemiazygos vein, esophageal veins, bronchial veins, and mediastinal veins.

Hemiazygos Vein:
Origin: Begins as a continuation of the left ascending lumbar vein.

Course: Ascends on the left side of the vertebral column, crosses over to the right at around the T8-T9 vertebral level to join the azygos vein.

Tributaries: Lower left posterior intercostal veins and esophageal veins.

Accessory Hemiazygos Vein:
o: junction of 4th to 8th left posterior intercostal veins
Course: Descends on the left side of the vertebral column, usually from T5 to T8, and crosses over to join the azygos vein.

Tributaries: Middle left posterior intercostal veins

function: - provides collateral circulation b/w SVC & IV
-drains thoracic + upper lumbar region

Question 3

lymphatic drainage

Answer 3

1. Paratracheal Lymph Nodes: Alongside the trachea, drain the trachea, esophagus, and mediastinal structures.
2. Bronchopulmonary (Hilar) Lymph Nodes: Located at the hilum of the lungs, drain the lungs.

3.Pulmonary Lymph Nodes: Found within the lung tissue.

4.Intercostal Lymph Nodes: Along the ribs, drain the thoracic wall.

5.Mediastinal Lymph Nodes: In the mediastinum, drain the heart, pericardium, and other mediastinal structures.