2.3. technology and cultural change Flashcards
Product lifecycle stages
introduction, growth, maturity, decline, evolution
demand/customer pull
where designers respond to demand from consumers for desirable product features
technology push
research and development costs lead to the technology push of new ideas
planned obsolescence
where products are designed to fail and be replaced
evolution of products
generally caused by new technologies, manufacturing methods, materials. research and development departments explore and develop new ideas for companies
why be aware of socio economics in design
customer demand influences scales of production and units created
poor understanding of consumers can lead to lack of interest
enables designers to develop and market products more successfully
helps companies understand what trends are and why they have happened
might need to adjust price etc in reaction
post ww1
1914-1918
development of materials and technology were used in civilian products such as tubular steel rather than wood
huge influence on bauhaus
allowed mass production set up
wassily chair, fokkar plane
ww2
1939-1945
rationing, producing more practical designs
utility furniture schemes targeted solving product shortages, led by gordon russell, prioritised people made homeless, strong and simple
flat packed furniture
contemporary times
developments of technologies and materials, decorative and fashionable
council of industrial design COID
established in 1944, founded by hugh dalton, created by winston churchill’s wartime government to tackle the post war economic recovery
gave way to design council in 1972 who advise government on design and focus on products
promote by all practiceable means the improvements of design in the products of british industry
microelectronics
1940s first transistor invented by william shockley
1940s transistor used for portable radios
transistor
electronic switches that can be made to join up two of their contacts by allowing a small flow of electric current to arrive at a 3rd connection
semi conductor properties of silicone
integrated circuits
consist of multiple transistors
formed on a silicone chip using photolithography
Moores law
predicted correctly in 1965 that every year ICs would contain twice as many transistors
internet of things IoT
networking of multiple microelectronic devices using WiFi and the internet
such as ring doorbell
new materials
modern, smart, nano
advancements in CAD/CAM
standardised file formats to connect a range of software to hardware
use of 3D printing
use of FEA and CFD in CAD simulations
cloud based packages
virtual reality systems
new methods of manufacture
electrohydraulic forming - car parts
3D printing of metals - on off prototyping
fibre injection moulding - lightweight parts for aerospace
laser beam welding - shipbuilding and construction
physical vapour deposition - food packaging, machinery
sustainable materials
6rs, energy sources, animal testing, investment in staff
cultural acceptability
need to be aware of offensive products and marketing to different companies
inclusive design
where products and services are accessible to as many people as possible without the need for specialist design
social problems
designers can encourage social change and positive social behaviour in their designs
fairtrade
negotiates with buyers to secure fair prices for the farmers/producers of the good as well as their ethical treatment
