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DT > 1.1 Materials and their applications > Flashcards

1.1 Materials and their applications Flashcards

1
Q

Compressive strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces

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2
Q

Tensile strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to resist stretching or pulling forces

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3
Q

bending strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to resist forces that may bend the material

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4
Q

Shear strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

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5
Q

Torsional strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion

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6
Q

Hardness
Mechanical property

A

the ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting

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7
Q

Toughness
Mechanical property

A

the ability to absorb impact force without fracture

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8
Q

Plasticity
Mechanical property

A

the ability to be permanently deformed and retain the deformed shape

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9
Q

Ductility
Mechanical property

A

the ability to draw out under tension, reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking

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10
Q

Malleability
Mechanical property

A

the ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking, increases with a rise of temperature

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11
Q

Elasticity
Mechanical property

A

the ability to be deformed and then return to the original state when the force is removed

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12
Q

Electrical conductor
Physical property

A

allows the flow of electrical current though the material

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13
Q

Electrical insulator
Physical property

A

does not allow the flow of electricity through the material

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14
Q

Thermal conductor
Physical property

A

allows the transfer of heat energy through the material

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15
Q

Thermal insulator
Physical property

A

prevents the transfer of heat through the material

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16
Q

Thermal expansion
Physical property

A

the increase in material volume in response to heat input

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17
Q

Opaque
Physical property

A

prevents light from travelling through

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18
Q

Translucent
Physical property

A

allows light through but diffuses the light so the object appears blurred

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19
Q

Transparent
Physical property

A

Allows the light to pass through easily which means you can see clearly though the material

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20
Q

Density
Physical property

A

the mass of the material in a standard volume of space

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21
Q

Fusibility
Physical property

A

the ability of the material to be fused or converted from a solid to a liquid or molten state, usually by heat

22
Q

Magnetism
Physical property

A

the natural force between objects that causes the material to attract iron or steels

23
Q

Corrosion/degradation resistance
Physical property

A

the ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay

24
Q

Ferrous metal

A

a metal containing mostly iron and carbon
ferrous metals are magnetic and will rust
e.g. low and medium carbon steel, cast iron

25
Q

Non-ferrous metal

A

a metal that does not contain iron
not magnetic and will not rust
e.g. aluminium, copper, zinc

26
Q

Alloy

A

a metal made of two or more metals or combining two or more elements, one of which must be metal
can also be classified as ferrous or non-ferrous alloys
ferrous alloys: stainless steel
non-ferrous alloys: bronze

27
Q

Hardwood

A

a wood from a broad leafed tree
these trees are generally slow growing and lose their leaves in autumn
BBB MOAT

28
Q

Softwood

A

a wood from a coniferous tree
these trees are generally fast growing and evergreen
DR SPRCL

29
Q

Manufactured board

A

a man made wood based composite material
manufactured boards are available in much larger sizes than solid wood
e.g. plywood, chipboard, mdf

30
Q

Thermoplastic

A

a material which can be repeatedly reheated and reshaped allowing it to be recycled after its initial use
e.g. LDPE, PP, HIPS

31
Q

Thermosetting polymer

A

a material which when heated undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules form rigid cross links
e.g. UF, MF, epoxy resin

32
Q

Elastomer

A

a material which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then upon release of the pressure will return to its original shape
e.g. natural rubber, silicon, neoprene

33
Q

Papers and boards

A

e.g. layout paper, cartridge paper, laminated card

34
Q

Composites

A

made by combining two or more different materials
e.g. CFRP, GRP, tungsten carbide

35
Q

Smart materials

A

a material whose physical property can change in response to an input or change in the environment
e.g. SMA, thermochromic pigment, piezo electric material

36
Q

Modern materials

A

a material development through the invention of new or improved processes
e.g. kevlar, PMC, polymorph

37
Q

Tensile testing
Workshop

A

clamping material samples of the same length and thickness into a vice and applying a load such as weights to the unclamped end.
the less deflection under load, the more tensile strength it has

38
Q

Toughness testing
Workshop

A

samples clamped into a vice
each sample is then hit with a hammer with the same force
tough materials absorb impact, brittle materials may bend or shatter

39
Q

Hardness testing
Workshop

A

abrasive:
running a file over the surface of the material using the same force for each sample
indentation:
using a dot punch and hammer
material is supported underneath and the dot punch is placed onto the material surface
the dot punch is hit once by a hammer for each material sample

40
Q

Ductility and malleability testing
Workshop

A

secure test piece in a vice
try to bend the test piece to 90 degrees
cracks or surface damage on the outside of the bend indicate a lack of ductility
cracks or surface damage on the inside of the bend indicate a lack of malleability

41
Q

Corrosion testing
Workshop

A

materials can be placed outside in an area exposed to weather effects and left for a certain length of time
materials can be visually inspected for the surface corrosion

42
Q

Conductivity testing
Workshop

A

electrical:
can be tested using a multimeter
thermal:
can be tested using a thermometer

43
Q

Tensile testing
Industrial

A

a test piece is placed into a tensometer machine and held in clamps at each end
one clamp is fixed as the other moves in a worm drive gear mechanism
as the worm drive turns, the test piece is put under tension

44
Q

Toughness testing
Industrial

A

the IZOD impact test is used
a notched test piece is held vertically in the vice of the test machine
a pendulum is released from a set position and swings to strike the test piece

45
Q

Hardness testing
Industrial

A

Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers pyramid

46
Q

Rockwell

A

a preload is applied to the material sample using a diamond indenter which breaks through just the surface of the material
the preload is called the datum
an additional load is then applied to the test material and held for a predetermined length of time (dwell times)
the smaller the indentation depth, the harder the material

47
Q

Brinell

A

a hardened standard size steel ball is forced into the material surface using a pre-set load
the diameter of the indent in the surface is measured
the smaller the indent, the harder the material

48
Q

Vickers pyramid

A

used to test very hard materials
this test uses a diamond square based pyramid to indent the surface of the material
diamond is used because it will not deform under load
a microscope is used to measure the size of the indent

49
Q

Ductility and malleability testing
Industrial

A

a bend test is used to determine how well a material can withstand cracking during one continuous bend
a test piece is placed into a bending machine and held, supported at the ends
a mandrel loads the test piece to the centre and bends to the predetermined angle
cracks on the outer bend = indicate level of ductility
cracks on inside of bend = indicate level of malleability

50
Q

Non destructive testing

A

ultrasonic
xray
electrical conductivity

DT (13 decks)

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