23. Sleep-Disordered Breathing Flashcards
what are the 3 neural stages?
wake, NREM, REM
sleep spindles and K complexes are characteristic of which stage of sleep?
stage 2
NREM is divided into 3 stages; what are they?
N1, N2, N3
what is stage N3 known as?
slow wave/deep sleep
REM is known as what?
Stage R
what occurs in REM
dreaming, skeletal muscles are paralyzed (to prevent acting out dreams), rapid eye movmeent
How long are typical REm cycles?
90 min. they grow longer in second half of the night.
main stimulus driving resp is what?
PC02
how is hypercapnia detected?
via medullary chemoreceptors as well as carotid body chemoreceptors
what occurs when we are in NREM sleep? what controls breathing?
no longer partly behavioral; purely metabolic.
what happens to the PC02 set point in sleep?
is is raised slightly, resultin gin mild hypoventilation.
what happens during REM with resp?
more reapid, more variable. may be due to behavioral inf related to dream content.
what happens with blood gas abnormalities during sleep?
they are made worse.
def of apnea?
complete cessation of airflow. can either be central or obstructive in origin.
what is OSA/what causes it?
obstructive sleep apnea/dynamic obstruction of upper airway, usually during inspiration.
