Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-Level Biology > 2.3 Nucleotides and nucleic acids > Flashcards

2.3 Nucleotides and nucleic acids Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA is a __________ which is a monomer?

A

Polynucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the DNA nucleotides?

A

Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are complementary base pairs?

A

Cytosine with Guanine
Adenine with Thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which two DNA nucleotides are purine?

A

Adenine and Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is purine double or single cyclic?

A

Double

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which two DNA nucleotides are pyrimidine?

A

Cytosine and Thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is pyrimidine double or single cyclic?

A

Single

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the sugar unit for DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What else can a deoxyribose be called?

A

Pentose sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the bond between two nucleotides?

A

Phosphodiester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides happen?

A

Between the carbon 3 in the pentose sugar of one and the phosphate group of another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can the phosphodiester bond go between Adenine and Cytosine?

A

Yes, the hydrogen bonds have to bond complementary pairs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the process called where DNA replicates itself?

A

Semi-Conservative replication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the enzymes involved in semi-conservative replication of DNA?

A

Gyrase, DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is ATP?

A

Energy currency of the cell

17
Q

How much energy is released when one phosphate is removed from ATP?

A

30.5KJ

18
Q

What reaction occurs in the breakdown of ATP?

A

Hydrolysis

19
Q

The breakdown or making of ATP is a _______ reaction?

A

Reversible

20
Q

Where does transcription happen?

A

The nucleus

21
Q

What nucleotide does RNA have instead of another?

A

Uracil instead of thymine

22
Q

What is the process of transcription?

A

DNA Helicase unwinds and unzips the relevant part of the DNA helix. (by breaking hydrogen bonds)
RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA.
One DNA strand acts as the template (sense strand), the other is redundant (antisense strand).
As RNA polymerase moves along the sense strand, ribonucleotides are assembled in a precise order due to complementary base pairing.
Fully formed mRNA (m stands for messenger) peels off the DNA and leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore. The DNA then rewinds.

23
Q

Is mRNA single or double stranded?

A

Single

24
Q

Where does the ribosome bond to the mRNA?

A

Start Codon

25
Q

What does the mRNA move through (proteins)?

A

Large subunit and small subunit

26
Q

What is the anticodon?

A

Triplet code of organic bases on tRNA

27
Q

What is the codon?

A

Triplet code of organic bases on mRNA

28
Q

What does the tRNA carry?

A

Amino acid

29
Q

What allows the tRNA to bond with the codon?

A

Complimentary anticodon

30
Q

The ribosome moves along the mRNA strand which causes what?

A

The tRNA to bind

31
Q

What happens due to the amino acids being so close together?

A

Condensation reactions and the amino acids form a peptide bond

32
Q

When the tRNA that carried the first amino acid is released, what is left behind?

A

Amino acid as a dipeptide

33
Q

When is the polypeptide complete?

A

When the ribosome reaches the stop codon

34
Q

When the polypeptide is released where does it go?

A

Golgi apparatus to be modified and packaged

35
Q

If the mRNA isn’t used again, what happens?

A

Broken down into nucleotides which can be assembled to produce a different polypeptide

36
Q

What does universal mean (biologically)?

A

Found in all organisms

37
Q

What does degenerate mean?

A

More than one codon for each amino acid

38
Q

What is rRNA?

A

Ribosomal RNA catalyses the formation of a peptide bond between the two amino acids

A-Level Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions