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Biological Molecules > 2.3 monomers polymers and macromolecules > Flashcards

2.3 monomers polymers and macromolecules Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a macromolecule?

A

A giant molecule

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2
Q

What are the three types of macromolecules in living organisms?

A

Polysaccharides
Proteins (polypeptides)
Nucleic acids (polynucleotides)

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3
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A giant molecule made from many similar repeating sub units (joint together in a chain)

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4
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A relatively simple molecule which is used as a basic building block for the synthesis of a polymer

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5
Q

Monomers are joined together by

A

Covalent bonds usually by condensation reaction

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6
Q

What are some examples of covalent bonds found in biological molecules?

A

Glycolic bond, ester bond, phosphodiester bond and peptide bond

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7
Q

What is making biological polymers from monomers relatively simple?

A

Because the same reaction is repeated many times

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8
Q

What is condensation reaction?

A

Chemical reaction involving the joining together of two molecules by removal of water molecules

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9
Q

What can be done to break down a polymer?

A

Adding water(hydrolysis)

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10
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Chemical reaction in which a chemical bond is broken by the addition of a water molecule

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11
Q

What is the monomer for polysaccharide?

A

Monosaccharide

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12
Q

What is the monomer for proteins?

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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14
Q

What forms the nucleotide?

A

Monosaccharide and organic base

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15
Q

What is an example of natural occurring polymer?

A

Cellulose and rubber

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16
Q

What is an example of industrially produced polymer?

A

Polyester, polythene, PVC (polvinyk chloride) and nylon. (all these are made of carbon based monomers and contain thousands of carbon atoms joined end to end)

17
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

Only consisting of a single sugar unit with the general formula (CH2O)n

Biological Molecules (6 decks)

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