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08. CP Test 2 > 23. Lipids and Lipoproteins > Flashcards

23. Lipids and Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme exclusive to the liver can convert glycerol to glycerol 3-Phosphate?

A

Glycerol kinase

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2
Q

Does hormone sensitive lipase like to be phosphorylated?

(Is it activated or deactivated by phosphorylation?)

A

Yes. Hormone sensitive lipase is activated by phosphorylation.

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3
Q

What apoprotiens do we see on LDL lipoproteins?

A

ApoB-100

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4
Q

What vesicle does the liver use to export new triacylglycerols?

A

VLDLs

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5
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step of cholesterol biosyntehsis?

A

HMG CoA reductase

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6
Q

What enzyme breaks down TAGs in the adipocytes?

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

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7
Q

What apoprotiens do we see on HDL lipoproteins?

A

ApoA-1

ApoE

ApoC-II

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8
Q

What hormones positively affect hormone sensitive lipase?

What hormone negatively affects hormone sensitive lipase?

A

Glucagon

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Insulin negatively impacts hormone sensitive lipase

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9
Q

What two targets are phosphorylated by Protein Kinase A in the mobilization of fatty acids?

What hormones use protein kinase A in this pathway?

A

Targets:

Hormone sensitive lipase

Perilipin

Hormones that use PKA:

Epinephrine / Norepinephrine

Glucagon

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10
Q

What apoprotiens do we see on Chylomicrons?

A

ApoB-48

ApoE

ApoC-II

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11
Q

What apoprotiens do we see on IDL lipoproteins?

A

ApoB-100

ApoE

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12
Q

What enzyme breaks down VLDLs and Chylomicrons into free fatty acids for transport into the adipocyte?

A

Capillary lipoprotein lipase

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13
Q

What apoprotiens do we see on VLDL lipoproteins?

A

ApoB-100

ApoE

ApoC-II

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14
Q

How much energy on average is stored in TAGs for a roughly 150 lb man?

A

100,000 kCal

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15
Q

Besides creating them de novo, where do adipocytes get free fatty acids?

A

From VLDLs from the liver, and chylomicrons from the intestines.

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16
Q

Why does an increase in excess glucose make you fat?

A

Because in the liver, glucose is converted into glycerol 3-P and fatty acids, then put together to make triacylglycerols that are shipped to adipocytes.

17
Q

What is the function of ApoC-II?

A

Activates Capillary lipoprotein lipase

18
Q

What is the function of ApoE?

A

Assits with uptake into the liver

19
Q

What is the function of ApoA-I?

A

Activates an enzyme that turns cholesterol into cholesterol ester.

20
Q

What lipoprotein helps with the maturation of chylomicrons?

A

HDL

21
Q

What enzyme converts cholesterol into cholesterol ester for HDL?

A

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase

22
Q

What is the basic pathology of Type 1 Hyerlipoproteinemia?

A

There is an increase in the number of chylomicrons in the blood due to an inability to process TAGs. This can be due to either a defect in capillary lipoprotein lipase, or in ApoC-II which activates it.

08. CP Test 2 (19 decks)

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