23. Feeding and Nutrition Flashcards
What is the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendation for breastfeeding duration?
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, continue breastfeeding with foods until 12 months or older
What vitamin and mineral supplements might breastfed babies need?
Vitamin D and Iron
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding?
Improved eyesight
List two health risks reduced for mothers who breastfeed.
Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, diabetes (type 2), high blood pressure
Breastfed babies have a lower risk of which conditions? (Select all that apply)
Asthma, Diabetes (type 2), Obesity, SIDS
Which of these is a common breastfeeding issue?
Improper Latch
How often do most exclusively breastfed babies need to feed in a 24-hour period?
About 8 to 12 times
True or False: Babies can be fed directly from a bottle after 6 months without concerns about nutrition.
False
What should be done before introducing foods to a baby for allergy assessment?
Introduce one food at a time and wait 3 to 5 days before adding another
What are some foods to avoid before 2 years due to choking hazards?
Carrot sticks, whole grapes, popcorn, chewing gum
Why is honey not recommended for infants under 12 months?
Risk of botulism
True or False: Fortified cow’s milk can be introduced before 12 months.
False
How much 100% juice should be given to children after 12 months?
4 ounces or less per day
Which of these signs shows a baby is ready for solid foods?
Good head control, able to sit with little support
Which vitamin is essential shortly after birth for bone health?
Vitamin D
At what age do children typically need an additional source of iron?
Around 4 months
Why should unpasteurized juices and milk be avoided for young children?
Risk of E. coli infection
What is the role of the physical therapist in dietary screening per APTA?
Assist with diet & nutritional screening for patients and interdisciplinary teams
True or False: Homemade infant formulas are recommended by the FDA.
False
Name two benefits of giving babies a variety of food textures.
Develop fine motor skills, improve chewing skills
How often should formula-fed newborns be fed in the first days?
1 to 2 ounces every 2 to 3 hours
True or False: All infant formulas are regulated for minimum nutrition by the FDA.
True
Which organization warns against homemade infant formulas?
FDA and American Academy of Pediatrics
What is the recommended daily intake of water for infants between 6 and 12 months?
4 to 6 ounces per day
At what age is cow’s milk considered safe to introduce to children?
12 months
True or False: Adding cereal to a baby’s bottle will help them sleep longer.
False
What foods are common allergens to introduce carefully?
Milk, eggs, peanuts, shellfish, wheat
What should a parent do if the baby refuses to breastfeed?
Check for teething, illness, or environmental changes
Name a high-risk food for choking in children under 2.
Whole grapes
What are early signs that a child is hungry (birth to 6 months)?
Puts hands to mouth, turns head towards food
What is a common sign of fullness in a child aged 6 to 24 months?
Pushes food away
Which vitamin does breast milk often lack in sufficient amounts?
Vitamin D
Why is iron important for babies starting around 4 months?
For healthy growth and to prevent anemia
True or False: SIDS risk is lower in breastfed babies.
True
How should a bottle be positioned during feeding?
At an angle so milk only comes out when the baby sucks
Why should babies not be put to bed with a bottle?
Increases risk of tooth decay and choking
What are signs that a baby has had enough to eat?
Content and drowsy after feeding
When introducing solids, how many days should you wait between new foods?
3 to 5 days
True or False: All toddlers need toddler milks after 12 months.
False
List two benefits of breastfeeding for mothers.
Lower risk of breast cancer, lower risk of high blood pressure
Name one reason to avoid juice before 12 months of age.
Risk of excess sugar intake
What type of milk should be avoided before 12 months?
Fortified cow’s milk
What is the role of vitamin D for babies?
Helps build strong bones and prevent rickets
Why should processed meats be limited for young children?
High in salt and preservatives
Which foods are recommended to encourage in a baby’s diet?
Variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, meats, dairy
What changes in feeding habits may occur when solid foods are introduced?
Breastfeed first, then offer solids
What type of foods should be offered first to an infant when introducing solids?
Single-ingredient foods to assess for allergies
How does breastfeeding benefit infants compared to formula feeding?
Reduces risk of infections, obesity, and certain diseases
What are some symptoms of mastitis?
Pain, redness, and swelling in the breast
Why might breastfed babies need additional iron at 4 months?
Breast milk has low iron content
What should parents monitor when feeding infants with bottles?
Hunger and fullness cues
Why is it important to introduce a variety of food textures?
Helps develop motor and chewing skills
At what age can most children eat the same foods as the family?
Around 2 years
True or False: Canned foods are encouraged for young children.
False
What is one sign that a child may be ready for solid foods?
Opens mouth and leans forward when food is offered
Name a high-protein food recommended for infants.
Soft pieces of chicken or fish
How much infant formula should newborns typically consume per feeding?
1 to 2 ounces every 2 to 3 hours
What nutrient must be supplemented if an infant drinks less than 32 ounces of formula?
Vitamin D
What is a benefit of feeding expressed breast milk?
Allows for feeding flexibility and others to help feed
What should not be mixed in a bottle with milk or formula?
Cereal or other solids
What is a key safety tip when storing breast milk?
Refrigerate or freeze immediately after expressing
What should be avoided in young children’s diets to prevent botulism?
Honey
What is a benefit of whole grains for children?
Provides fiber and essential nutrients
What should be done if a baby is not latching properly?
Check positioning and seek help if needed
What dietary adjustment might be needed if a breastfeeding mother has sore nipples?
Change feeding positions or seek support for latch issues
How should parents introduce allergenic foods?
One at a time with a 3 to 5-day wait in between
True or False: Bottles should be propped up when feeding.
False
What is the recommended portion size for initial solid foods?
1 to 2 tablespoons
Why should high-sugar foods be limited for young children?
To prevent risk of obesity and dental problems
What are some good sources of iron for children eating solid foods?
Fortified cereals, eggs, and red meat
What is an important role of the physical therapist in nutrition for older adults?
Screen for dietary issues as part of an interdisciplinary team
