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Growth & Development > 21. Sleep > Flashcards

21. Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the sleep cycle in newborns?

A

About 60 minutes

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2
Q

As people age, the sleep cycle typically lengthens to how many minutes?

A

90-100 minutes

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3
Q

What are the stages of sleep?

A

W (awake), N1 (drowsy), N2 (light sleep), N3 (deep sleep), REM

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4
Q

Which stage of sleep is associated with drowsiness?

A

N1

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5
Q

Which sleep stage is referred to as ‘light sleep’?

A

N2

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6
Q

What is the main role of deep sleep (N3)?

A

Physical restoration

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7
Q

REM sleep is important for what type of processing?

A

Memory consolidation

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8
Q

List two key purposes of sleep.

A

Maintain metabolic-caloric balance and immune competence

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9
Q

True or False: Sleep helps stabilize learned material.

A

True

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10
Q

Name one benefit of adequate sleep in children.

A

Improved attention, behavior, learning, memory, or emotional regulation

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11
Q

Inadequate sleep in teenagers and adults can lead to which of the following?

A

Cognitive decline

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12
Q

Name one major risk associated with inadequate sleep for age.

A

Hypertension, depression, obesity, or cognitive decline

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13
Q

SUID stands for:

A

Sudden Unexpected Infant Death

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14
Q

At what age is the risk of SIDS highest?

A

2-3 months

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15
Q

True or False: SIDS is more common in males than females.

A

True

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16
Q

What sleeping position is recommended to reduce the risk of SIDS?

A

Back to sleep

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17
Q

According to the AAP, where should infants sleep?

A

In a separate crib or bassinet in the parents’ room

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18
Q

Which item should NOT be in an infant’s crib?

A

Blanket

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19
Q

True or False: Infants should avoid exposure to smoke and alcohol.

A

True

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20
Q

The AAP recommends offering a pacifier at which times to help reduce SIDS risk?

A

Nap time and bedtime

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

A

Elevated sleep position

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22
Q

List one cause of SIDS.

A

Prone sleeping, sleep apnea, smoking exposure, overheating, etc.

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23
Q

What two types of sleep apnea are common in older adults?

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Central Sleep Apnea

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24
Q

Define insomnia.

A

Difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, or quality, causing impairment during the day

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25
Q

List a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea.

A

Increased body mass, large neck circumference, or decreased muscle tone

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26
Q

Central sleep apnea differs from obstructive sleep apnea by:

A

Lack of ventilatory effort

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27
Q

Name one factor that increases the risk of insomnia.

A

Depression, anxiety, older age, or female sex

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28
Q

Insomnia is particularly common in individuals with which occupation-related disorder?

A

Shift work disorder

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29
Q

Which condition is NOT associated with increased insomnia risk?

A

SIDS

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30
Q

What is a good sleep hygiene habit for children regarding screen use?

A

Turn off screens 30 minutes before bedtime

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31
Q

‘Brush, Book, Bed’ is an AAP-recommended sleep routine for which group?

A

Children

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32
Q

Adults are advised to avoid consuming what substance close to bedtime?

A

Alcohol

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33
Q

True or False: Napping during the day is recommended for adults with insomnia.

A

False

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34
Q

Name one sleep hygiene recommendation for adults.

A

Keep a regular sleep/wake schedule, avoid caffeine, limit screen time, etc.

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35
Q

What should you do if you cannot fall asleep within 20 minutes?

A

Get out of bed and do something quiet and relaxing

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36
Q

According to the APTA, physical therapists should screen for what type of dysfunction in patients?

A

Sleep dysfunction

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37
Q

Which intervention is part of stimulus-control therapy?

A

Get out of bed if not asleep in 20 minutes

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38
Q

True or False: Patients undergoing stimulus-control therapy should nap during the day.

A

False

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39
Q

Physical therapists help educate patients on the relationship between sleep and which of the following?

A

Pain, physical activity, and health

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40
Q

For older adults, what is an important part of maintaining healthy sleep habits?

A

Getting up at the same time each morning

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41
Q

Which type of sleep apnea is most associated with an anatomical obstruction in the airway?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

42
Q

Define ‘insomnia’ in one word.

A

Sleeplessness

43
Q

What is the term used for sleep apnea where ventilatory effort is absent?

A

Central sleep apnea

44
Q

What is the primary difference between central and obstructive sleep apnea?

A

Ventilatory effort is absent in central sleep apnea

45
Q

Why is adequate sleep important for memory?

A

It consolidates and stabilizes learned material

46
Q

True or False: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with changes in airway anatomy.

A

True

47
Q

Name one of the health risks that increases in teenage years due to inadequate sleep.

A

Increased injuries, hypertension, or obesity

48
Q

List two health issues associated with sleep deprivation in adults.

A

Hypertension and depression

49
Q

What is one recommendation to avoid SIDS risk related to the sleeping environment?

A

Use a crib or bassinet with a firm surface and tight-fitting sheets

50
Q

Why should blankets be avoided in an infant’s crib?

A

They pose a risk of suffocation

51
Q

True or False: Insomnia affects around 30-40% of adults over the age of 65.

A

True

52
Q

Which group has the highest incidence of SIDS?

A

American Indian/Alaska Native

53
Q

Which group has the lowest incidence of SIDS?

A

Asian/Pacific Islander

54
Q

What is one official AAP recommendation for infant sleep safety?

A

Sleep in the same room as parents but on a separate surface

55
Q

List one factor that contributes to infant sleep concerns.

A

SIDS, suffocation, or sleep apnea

56
Q

What are some key risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome?

A

Prone sleeping, overheating, and exposure to smoking

57
Q

Name one cause of irregular sleep regulation in infants.

A

Irregular brain center regulation

58
Q

Why is back sleeping recommended for infants?

A

It reduces the risk of SIDS

59
Q

What is the primary benefit of ‘tummy time’ for infants?

A

Facilitates development while supervised and awake

60
Q

True or False: Ventilatory effort is present during an obstructive sleep apnea event.

A

True

61
Q

Which risk factor for sleep apnea is particularly associated with physical characteristics?

A

Large neck circumference

62
Q

Obesity is a risk factor for which type of sleep disorder?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

63
Q

Which type of apnea is commonly related to airway collapse?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

64
Q

Why should screens be turned off before bedtime in children?

A

To improve sleep hygiene and promote better sleep quality

65
Q

True or False: A consistent sleep schedule is a key part of good sleep hygiene.

A

True

66
Q

For adults, what should the bed be used for according to sleep hygiene guidelines?

A

Only for sleep and sex

67
Q

How long should someone wait before getting out of bed if they cannot sleep?

A

20 minutes

68
Q

Why should adults avoid caffeine close to bedtime?

A

Caffeine can interfere with sleep onset

69
Q

Which demographic is particularly affected by sleep disorders like insomnia?

A

Older adults and shift workers

70
Q

What common medication side effect can impact sleep?

A

Certain medications can cause wakefulness

71
Q

Why is exercise recommended as a part of sleep hygiene for adults?

A

Exercise can improve sleep quality but should not be done immediately before bed

72
Q

List two conditions that can contribute to insomnia.

A

Depression and anxiety

73
Q

Why should older adults avoid naps if they have difficulty sleeping at night?

A

Naps can interfere with the ability to sleep at night

74
Q

True or False: Exposure to sunlight during the day can help improve sleep quality.

A

True

75
Q

What sleep stage is important for physical restoration?

A

Deep sleep (N3)

76
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle?

A

Melatonin

77
Q

What should adults do if they wake up during the night and can’t fall back asleep?

A

Get out of bed and do something quiet and relaxing

78
Q

True or False: Physical therapists may refer patients to sleep medicine professionals.

A

True

79
Q

Why is an adequate amount of REM sleep important?

A

It aids in emotional regulation and memory processing

80
Q

What is one reason why sleep might be disrupted in caregivers for ill family members?

A

Increased stress and irregular sleep schedules

81
Q

What is ‘sleep hygiene’?

A

Practices and habits that promote regular, restful sleep

82
Q

Which intervention is recommended by the APTA for physical therapists related to sleep?

A

Implement therapeutic interventions to improve sleep quality

83
Q

True or False: All children should have a bedtime routine to establish sleep hygiene.

A

True

84
Q

Which factor is a major risk for obstructive sleep apnea but not central sleep apnea?

A

Increased body mass or central obesity

85
Q

Why might lower socioeconomic status contribute to sleep problems?

A

It is associated with higher stress and potentially fewer resources for maintaining sleep hygiene

86
Q

What is a potential consequence of not addressing sleep dysfunction in therapy patients?

A

Reduced therapy outcomes due to impaired healing and recovery

87
Q

True or False: Smoking during pregnancy is linked to higher risks of SIDS.

A

True

88
Q

Why is the neck circumference relevant in assessing sleep apnea risk?

A

A larger neck circumference may indicate increased airway obstruction risk

89
Q

What is one reason infants under one year are at risk for SUID?

A

Immature respiratory and sleep regulation systems

90
Q

True or False: It is recommended to place an infant on a soft mattress to reduce SIDS risk.

A

False

91
Q

What is the benefit of using a pacifier for infants at nap time?

A

It may reduce the risk of SIDS

92
Q

Which aspect of sleep does ‘N1’ refer to?

A

The drowsy stage of sleep

93
Q

Why should home monitors not be used to prevent SIDS?

A

They are not proven to reduce the risk and may create false security

94
Q

Which of the following can contribute to disrupted sleep in older adults?

A

Apnea, nocturia, or insomnia

95
Q

How does GERD (acid reflux) potentially impact sleep?

A

It may cause discomfort and frequent waking

96
Q

Name one physiological effect of inadequate sleep.

A

Hypertension or increased stress hormone levels

97
Q

Why should exercise not be done immediately before bed?

A

It can increase alertness and delay sleep onset

98
Q

What is the recommended response if an adult experiences difficulty falling asleep?

A

Engage in a quiet and relaxing activity outside the bedroom

99
Q

What is a sign of obstructive sleep apnea during sleep?

A

Snoring and pauses in breathing

100
Q

True or False: Daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnea.

A

True

Growth & Development (6 decks)

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