21. Sleep Flashcards
How long is the sleep cycle in newborns?
About 60 minutes
As people age, the sleep cycle typically lengthens to how many minutes?
90-100 minutes
What are the stages of sleep?
W (awake), N1 (drowsy), N2 (light sleep), N3 (deep sleep), REM
Which stage of sleep is associated with drowsiness?
N1
Which sleep stage is referred to as ‘light sleep’?
N2
What is the main role of deep sleep (N3)?
Physical restoration
REM sleep is important for what type of processing?
Memory consolidation
List two key purposes of sleep.
Maintain metabolic-caloric balance and immune competence
True or False: Sleep helps stabilize learned material.
True
Name one benefit of adequate sleep in children.
Improved attention, behavior, learning, memory, or emotional regulation
Inadequate sleep in teenagers and adults can lead to which of the following?
Cognitive decline
Name one major risk associated with inadequate sleep for age.
Hypertension, depression, obesity, or cognitive decline
SUID stands for:
Sudden Unexpected Infant Death
At what age is the risk of SIDS highest?
2-3 months
True or False: SIDS is more common in males than females.
True
What sleeping position is recommended to reduce the risk of SIDS?
Back to sleep
According to the AAP, where should infants sleep?
In a separate crib or bassinet in the parents’ room
Which item should NOT be in an infant’s crib?
Blanket
True or False: Infants should avoid exposure to smoke and alcohol.
True
The AAP recommends offering a pacifier at which times to help reduce SIDS risk?
Nap time and bedtime
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
Elevated sleep position
List one cause of SIDS.
Prone sleeping, sleep apnea, smoking exposure, overheating, etc.
What two types of sleep apnea are common in older adults?
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Central Sleep Apnea
Define insomnia.
Difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, or quality, causing impairment during the day
List a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea.
Increased body mass, large neck circumference, or decreased muscle tone
Central sleep apnea differs from obstructive sleep apnea by:
Lack of ventilatory effort
Name one factor that increases the risk of insomnia.
Depression, anxiety, older age, or female sex
Insomnia is particularly common in individuals with which occupation-related disorder?
Shift work disorder
Which condition is NOT associated with increased insomnia risk?
SIDS
What is a good sleep hygiene habit for children regarding screen use?
Turn off screens 30 minutes before bedtime
‘Brush, Book, Bed’ is an AAP-recommended sleep routine for which group?
Children
Adults are advised to avoid consuming what substance close to bedtime?
Alcohol
True or False: Napping during the day is recommended for adults with insomnia.
False
Name one sleep hygiene recommendation for adults.
Keep a regular sleep/wake schedule, avoid caffeine, limit screen time, etc.
What should you do if you cannot fall asleep within 20 minutes?
Get out of bed and do something quiet and relaxing
According to the APTA, physical therapists should screen for what type of dysfunction in patients?
Sleep dysfunction
Which intervention is part of stimulus-control therapy?
Get out of bed if not asleep in 20 minutes
True or False: Patients undergoing stimulus-control therapy should nap during the day.
False
Physical therapists help educate patients on the relationship between sleep and which of the following?
Pain, physical activity, and health
For older adults, what is an important part of maintaining healthy sleep habits?
Getting up at the same time each morning
Which type of sleep apnea is most associated with an anatomical obstruction in the airway?
Obstructive sleep apnea
Define ‘insomnia’ in one word.
Sleeplessness
What is the term used for sleep apnea where ventilatory effort is absent?
Central sleep apnea
What is the primary difference between central and obstructive sleep apnea?
Ventilatory effort is absent in central sleep apnea
Why is adequate sleep important for memory?
It consolidates and stabilizes learned material
True or False: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with changes in airway anatomy.
True
Name one of the health risks that increases in teenage years due to inadequate sleep.
Increased injuries, hypertension, or obesity
List two health issues associated with sleep deprivation in adults.
Hypertension and depression
What is one recommendation to avoid SIDS risk related to the sleeping environment?
Use a crib or bassinet with a firm surface and tight-fitting sheets
Why should blankets be avoided in an infant’s crib?
They pose a risk of suffocation
True or False: Insomnia affects around 30-40% of adults over the age of 65.
True
Which group has the highest incidence of SIDS?
American Indian/Alaska Native
Which group has the lowest incidence of SIDS?
Asian/Pacific Islander
What is one official AAP recommendation for infant sleep safety?
Sleep in the same room as parents but on a separate surface
List one factor that contributes to infant sleep concerns.
SIDS, suffocation, or sleep apnea
What are some key risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome?
Prone sleeping, overheating, and exposure to smoking
Name one cause of irregular sleep regulation in infants.
Irregular brain center regulation
Why is back sleeping recommended for infants?
It reduces the risk of SIDS
What is the primary benefit of ‘tummy time’ for infants?
Facilitates development while supervised and awake
True or False: Ventilatory effort is present during an obstructive sleep apnea event.
True
Which risk factor for sleep apnea is particularly associated with physical characteristics?
Large neck circumference
Obesity is a risk factor for which type of sleep disorder?
Obstructive sleep apnea
Which type of apnea is commonly related to airway collapse?
Obstructive sleep apnea
Why should screens be turned off before bedtime in children?
To improve sleep hygiene and promote better sleep quality
True or False: A consistent sleep schedule is a key part of good sleep hygiene.
True
For adults, what should the bed be used for according to sleep hygiene guidelines?
Only for sleep and sex
How long should someone wait before getting out of bed if they cannot sleep?
20 minutes
Why should adults avoid caffeine close to bedtime?
Caffeine can interfere with sleep onset
Which demographic is particularly affected by sleep disorders like insomnia?
Older adults and shift workers
What common medication side effect can impact sleep?
Certain medications can cause wakefulness
Why is exercise recommended as a part of sleep hygiene for adults?
Exercise can improve sleep quality but should not be done immediately before bed
List two conditions that can contribute to insomnia.
Depression and anxiety
Why should older adults avoid naps if they have difficulty sleeping at night?
Naps can interfere with the ability to sleep at night
True or False: Exposure to sunlight during the day can help improve sleep quality.
True
What sleep stage is important for physical restoration?
Deep sleep (N3)
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
What should adults do if they wake up during the night and can’t fall back asleep?
Get out of bed and do something quiet and relaxing
True or False: Physical therapists may refer patients to sleep medicine professionals.
True
Why is an adequate amount of REM sleep important?
It aids in emotional regulation and memory processing
What is one reason why sleep might be disrupted in caregivers for ill family members?
Increased stress and irregular sleep schedules
What is ‘sleep hygiene’?
Practices and habits that promote regular, restful sleep
Which intervention is recommended by the APTA for physical therapists related to sleep?
Implement therapeutic interventions to improve sleep quality
True or False: All children should have a bedtime routine to establish sleep hygiene.
True
Which factor is a major risk for obstructive sleep apnea but not central sleep apnea?
Increased body mass or central obesity
Why might lower socioeconomic status contribute to sleep problems?
It is associated with higher stress and potentially fewer resources for maintaining sleep hygiene
What is a potential consequence of not addressing sleep dysfunction in therapy patients?
Reduced therapy outcomes due to impaired healing and recovery
True or False: Smoking during pregnancy is linked to higher risks of SIDS.
True
Why is the neck circumference relevant in assessing sleep apnea risk?
A larger neck circumference may indicate increased airway obstruction risk
What is one reason infants under one year are at risk for SUID?
Immature respiratory and sleep regulation systems
True or False: It is recommended to place an infant on a soft mattress to reduce SIDS risk.
False
What is the benefit of using a pacifier for infants at nap time?
It may reduce the risk of SIDS
Which aspect of sleep does ‘N1’ refer to?
The drowsy stage of sleep
Why should home monitors not be used to prevent SIDS?
They are not proven to reduce the risk and may create false security
Which of the following can contribute to disrupted sleep in older adults?
Apnea, nocturia, or insomnia
How does GERD (acid reflux) potentially impact sleep?
It may cause discomfort and frequent waking
Name one physiological effect of inadequate sleep.
Hypertension or increased stress hormone levels
Why should exercise not be done immediately before bed?
It can increase alertness and delay sleep onset
What is the recommended response if an adult experiences difficulty falling asleep?
Engage in a quiet and relaxing activity outside the bedroom
What is a sign of obstructive sleep apnea during sleep?
Snoring and pauses in breathing
True or False: Daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnea.
True
