23 crude oil

Question 1

how is crude oil formed?

Answer 1

millions of years ago plants and animals living in the sea died and fell to the bottom layers of sediment formed on top of them, their shells and skeletons formed limestone . the soft tissue was gradually changed by heat and high pressure into crude oil.

Question 2

what type of resource is crude oil?

Answer 2

non renewable resource meaning it is finite

Question 3

meaning of finite?

Answer 3

limited.

Question 4

what is a non renewable resource?

Answer 4

is a natural resource which can not be replaced easily

Question 5

what is crude oil?

Answer 5

crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, which are compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only.

Question 6

what occurs when molecules get bigger?

Answer 6

boiling point increases this is because the larger the molecule the stronger the intermolecular force of attraction between molecules making hard to break the intermolecular forces of attraction because more energy is required.

Question 7

meaning of volatile?

Answer 7

easily evaporated.

Question 8

viscous?

Answer 8

flow less easily.

Question 9

what happens to the colours of molecules when their size increases.

Answer 9

they get darker.

Question 10

why are bigger hydrocarbons used less for fuels?

Answer 10

because they burn less easily because the strong electrostatic force of attraction.

Question 11

how is crude oil seperated?

Answer 11

fractional distilation which is used to separate mixtures of liquids that have different boiling point.

Question 12

in depth explaining of crude oil distillation?

Answer 12

First, the crude oil is heated to vapourize it and is fed into the bottom of a distillation tower. The resulting vapour then rises through the vertical column. As the gases rise through the tower, the temperature decreases. As the temperature decreases, certain hydrocarbons begin to condense and run off at different levels. Each fraction that condenses off at a certain level contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms.

Question 13

what is a fuel?

Answer 13

a substance when burned produces a lot of energy.

Question 14

when does incomplete combustion happen?

Answer 14

when there is no enough oxygen.

Question 15

what is refinery gases and what is it used for?

Answer 15

are a mixture of the first four alkanes which can be separated into different individual gases. for domestic heating and cooking.

Question 16

what is petrol and what are its uses?

Answer 16

mixtures of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points. it is used as a fuel for cars.

Question 17

what are the uses of kerosene?

Answer 17

used as fuel for jet aircraft and domestic heating oil

Question 18

what are the uses of diesal?

Answer 18

buses, lorries and some cars.

Question 19

what are the uses of oil fuel?

Answer 19

fuel for a ship and for industry heating.

Question 20

what are the uses of bitumen?

Answer 20

is a thick material which is melted and mixed with small rocks to make roads.

Question 21

when is acid rain formed?

Answer 21

acid rain is formed when water and oxygen in the atmosphere react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide to produced nitric acid and sulfuric acids which are strong acids. sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are mainly produced from power stations this and factories burning fossil fuel. This is because fossil fuels contain a small amount of sulfur which reacts with oxygen to produced sulfur dioxide.

Question 22

what is cracking?

Answer 22

it is when a long chain alkane is converted into an alkene and a shorter-chain alkane. For example fuel oil can be broken down in gasoline.

Question 23

how does cracking work?

Answer 23

the fuel oil fraction is heated to give a gas and passed over a catalyst at about 600-700 degrees. cracking is an example of thermal decomposition a small polymer splitting into smaller ones when heating. during cracking c-c single bonds are produced are broken and double bonds are produced.

Question 24

why do oil companies carry out cracking?

Answer 24

to produced more petrol and produce alkenes that can be used to make polymers