22 introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
what are hydrocarbons?
hydrocarbons are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen only.
what is an empirical formula?
An empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.
when is organic compounds saturated and when are they not saturated?
they are saturated when the organic compound has contains single carbon-carbon bonds and unsaturated when they contain a double or triple bond
what is the molecular formula?
It counts the actual number of atoms present in a compound?
what is a homologous series?
A series of compounds with the same chemical properties because they have the same functional group.
(members in a specific group differ by -CH2-)
what is a functional group?
Is an atom or a group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a compounds.
what is the functional group for an alcohol?
-OH
what is the functional group of alkenes?
C=C
what do the lines in a displayed formula represent?
A shared electron in a covalent bond.
order:
pent, but, meth, eth, prop and hex
from least to most carbons?
meth eth prop but pent hex
what is the structural isomers?
are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
what is combustion?
another way of saying burning and involves a reaction with oxygen.
what is a substitution reaction?
when an atom is replaced by an atom or a group of atoms.
what is an addition reaction?
is when something is added to a molecule without taking anything away.
write down the name of the next hydrocarbons.
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