2.3 Carbon Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

Organisms
are made up of _____ that consist of carbon and these other elements.

A

molecules

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2
Q

What elements does carbon bond with to
make up life’s molecules?

A

Carbon bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

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3
Q

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are examples of?

A

Mnemotechnics

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4
Q

“giant molecules.”

A

Macromolecules

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5
Q

Many of the carbon compounds in living cells are so large that they
are known as

A

Macromolecules

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6
Q

Name the four major groups of macromolecules found in living things are:

A

-Carbohydrates
-Lipids
-Nucleic acids
-Proteins

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7
Q

Macromolecules is made from smaller units called

A

monomers

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8
Q

Chains of monomers

A

polymers

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9
Q

Living things use this as their main source of energy

A

carbohydrates

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10
Q

Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms are called

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

Sugar and starches are

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

Many living things store
extra sugar as a carbohydrate called

A

starch

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13
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrates provide energy and structural support for living things

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14
Q

Most macromolecules
are formed by a process

A

polymerization

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15
Q

Carbohydrates divides into:

A

Simple Sugar and Complex Sugar

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16
Q

These are single sugar molecules, also known as simple sugars.

A

Monosaccharides

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17
Q

What include Simple sugars?

A

-Glucose
-Galactose
-Fructose

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18
Q

Found in many fruits.

A

Fructose

19
Q

Found in milk.

A

Galactose

20
Q

A primary energy source for cells.

A

Glucose

21
Q

Found in Table sugar

A

Sucrose

22
Q

Made of one glucose and one fructose molecule.

A

Sucrose

23
Q

Made of two sugars, monosaccharides linked together.

A

disaccharide

24
Q

The large macromolecules
formed when simple sugars join together are called

A

Complex Carbohydrates

25
Q

Stored in animals as extra sugar, helps muscles during movement, provide energy in the blood.

A

glycogen

26
Q

Used by plants to store extra sugar.

A

Starch

27
Q

Gives plants strength and structure.

A

Cellulose

28
Q

Olive oil is

A

Lipid

29
Q

Fats, oils, and waxes are common

A

Lipids

30
Q

Are macromolecules that generally do not dissolve in
water and are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen
atoms.

A

Lipids

31
Q

Lipids divides into

A

Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids

32
Q

At least one carbon-carbon double bond exists.

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

33
Q

Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule
joins with compounds

A

Fatty acids

34
Q

All carbon atoms are connected by single bonds

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

35
Q

Macromolecules
containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

A

Nucleic Acids

36
Q

Nucleic acids are

A

polymers

37
Q

They are made up of monomers called

A

nucleotides

38
Q

Nucleotides divides in three parts:

A

5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

39
Q

are polymers of molecules
called amino acids.

A

Proteins

40
Q

compounds with an amino group

A

Proteins

41
Q

store and transmit genetic information.

A

Nucleic Acids

42
Q

used to store energy

A

lypids

43
Q

control cell processes and the rate
of reactions

A

proteins