2.3 Carbon Compounds Flashcards
Organisms
are made up of _____ that consist of carbon and these other elements.
molecules
What elements does carbon bond with to
make up life’s molecules?
Carbon bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are examples of?
Mnemotechnics
“giant molecules.”
Macromolecules
Many of the carbon compounds in living cells are so large that they
are known as
Macromolecules
Name the four major groups of macromolecules found in living things are:
-Carbohydrates
-Lipids
-Nucleic acids
-Proteins
Macromolecules is made from smaller units called
monomers
Chains of monomers
polymers
Living things use this as their main source of energy
carbohydrates
Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms are called
Carbohydrates
Sugar and starches are
Carbohydrates
Many living things store
extra sugar as a carbohydrate called
starch
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates provide energy and structural support for living things
Most macromolecules
are formed by a process
polymerization
Carbohydrates divides into:
Simple Sugar and Complex Sugar
These are single sugar molecules, also known as simple sugars.
Monosaccharides
What include Simple sugars?
-Glucose
-Galactose
-Fructose
Found in many fruits.
Fructose
Found in milk.
Galactose
A primary energy source for cells.
Glucose
Found in Table sugar
Sucrose
Made of one glucose and one fructose molecule.
Sucrose
Made of two sugars, monosaccharides linked together.
disaccharide
The large macromolecules
formed when simple sugars join together are called
Complex Carbohydrates
Stored in animals as extra sugar, helps muscles during movement, provide energy in the blood.
glycogen
Used by plants to store extra sugar.
Starch
Gives plants strength and structure.
Cellulose
Olive oil is
Lipid
Fats, oils, and waxes are common
Lipids
Are macromolecules that generally do not dissolve in
water and are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen
atoms.
Lipids
Lipids divides into
Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids
At least one carbon-carbon double bond exists.
Unsaturated fatty acids
Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule
joins with compounds
Fatty acids
All carbon atoms are connected by single bonds
Saturated Fatty Acids
Macromolecules
containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are
polymers
They are made up of monomers called
nucleotides
Nucleotides divides in three parts:
5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
are polymers of molecules
called amino acids.
Proteins
compounds with an amino group
Proteins
store and transmit genetic information.
Nucleic Acids
used to store energy
lypids
control cell processes and the rate
of reactions
proteins
