2.3 Carbohydrates And Lipids Flashcards
Where are the H atoms that are attached to the double bonded carbons in cis fatty acids?
On the same side of the moc. This causes a bend in the moc and makes it liquid at room temp
Where are the H atoms that are attached to the double bonded carbons in a trans fatty acid?
Opposite sides of the moc. This does not create a kink so the fatty acid is packed tighter and is solid at room temp. Trans fatty acids are produced artificially by partial hydrogenation of veg or fish oils.
What is the structure and function of cellulose?
B-glucoses at 180* to each other, makes moc straight. Mocs form bundles which have high tensile strength which prevents plants cells from bursting.
What is the structure and function of starch?
A-glucose all pointing downwards to form curved moc. 2 forms: amylose (helix) and amylopectin (globular). Only made by plant cells. Too large to be soluble in water. Useful in cells where glucose needs to be stored.
What is the structure and function of glycogen?
Similar to starch but more compact. Made by animals and some fungi. Acts as store of energy in form of glucose in cells where large stores of g would cause osmosis problems (same as plant). Mocs do not have fixed size and # of glucose mocs can be increased or decreased from either end of moc.
Why are lipids more suitable for long term energy storage in humans than carbohydrates?
Fats located beneath skin and around some organs. Amount of energy released/gram of lipids is twice amount released/gram of carbs. Lipids have less water so can store more energy. Lipids can also protect skin by insulating heat and act as shock absorbers in the area around the kidneys.
How can you determine someone’s BMI?
BMI= mass in kg/(height in meters)^2
Or nomogram: straight line between height on left and mass on right intersects w BMI in centre.
How are polymers formed?
Monomers linked together by condensation reactions to form polymers (e.g. Glucose + glucose = maltose)
