2.1 Molecules To Metabolism Flashcards
What are four common carbon compounds?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What are the 5 different monosaccharide sugars?
Monosaccharides: (hexose) glucose, galactose, fructose, (pentose) ribose and deoxyribose
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
4 covalent bonds
What are some disaccharides?
Maltose (2 glucose), lactose (glucose and galactose), sucrose (glucose and fructose)
What are some polysaccharides?
Plant starch (many a-glucoses), glycogen (many a-glucoses), cellulose (a-glucoses - different bond set up -> O bonds up and down)
What are some characteristics of lipids?
Insoluble in water, include waxes, steroids, phospholipids, fatty acids, triglycerides (fats if solid at room temp and oils if liquid)
What are proteins?
Chains of amino acids (CHON), 20 different aas to build all different proteins (only 2 contain S)
What are nucleic acids?
Chains of nucleotides (CHONP), 2 types -> DNA and RNA
What is metabolism
The sum of all the enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism. Can be a chain of steps or a cycle.
What is anabolism?
Synthesis of complex mocs from simpler mocs. Require energy. Includes: protein synthesis, DNA and RNA synthesis, photosynthesis, synthesis of complex carbs. Condensation reaction.
What is catabolism?
Breakdown of complex mocs into simpler ones. Release energy. Includes: digestion of food, cellular respiration, digestion of dead organic matter by decomposers. Hydrolysis reaction.
What are condensation and hydrolysis reactions?
Condensation reactions create water when bonds joining mocs are formed. Hydrolysis reactions require water in order to break the bonds between mocs.
How can you distinguish between carbs, proteins, and lipids?
Proteins contain CHON, sometimes S.
Carbs and lipids never contain N or S.
Carbs H:O close to 2:1, lipids contain a lot less O
